BIO 3124 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Autotroph, Organic Compound, Nitric Acid
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Unit 2 Organic Chemistry
Organic compounds vs. Inorganic compounds
What makes a compound organic? Inorganic?
Functional groups (phosphate groups, amino groups, carboxyl groups)
Know the structure of each of these groups, and which organic compounds they are found in. You can draw them for your own use.
Hydrolysis
What is it? What is it used for?
Dehydration synthesis
What is it? What is it used for?
Carbohydrates (Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides and examples)
Know the process of joining two monosaccharides together to create a disaccharide.
Be able to give examples of several monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides.
Monosaccharide examples (3) | Disaccharide examples (2) | Complex carbohydrates (3) |
Lipids (Saturated vs. Unsaturated; Phospholipids, Steroids)
Define a saturated fatty acid.
Define an unsaturated fatty acid. Draw if it helps.
What process is used to put the fatty acid chain on a glycerol molecule?
Hydrophilic vs. hydrophobic
Define hydrophilic.
What part of the phospholipid is hydrophilic?
Define hydrophobic.
What part of the phospholipid is hydrophobic?
Proteins, types and functions
What is a protein composed of, and what does it do?
Amino acids
Name the three parts of the amino acid that come off the common Carbon.
Identify each of the three parts. (Amino Acid ID game)
Peptide Bonds
How are they formed?
What two parts of each amino acid do they join together?
Enzymes - define.
Levels of Protein structure
Complete the chart below.
Protein structure level | definition |
Primary | |
Secondary | |
Tertiary | |
Quarternary |
Protein Denaturation
What is it and how does it happen?
Define what a Solute is.
Define what a solvent is
Nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, ATP)
Nucleotide
Name its three parts and be able to identify each of them on a diagram. (Nucleotide ID game)
What are the two possible sugars used in a nucleotide?
Complete the Table below.
DNA | RNA | ATP | |
What sugar does it have? | |||
What nitrogen bases does it have? | |||
Provide the pairings of the nitrogen bases of each nucleic acid | N/A | ||
What is its structure? |
Microbiology Unit 2 Applied and Environmental Assignment Part 1:
Identify Nutritional requirements from Chapter 6 & 14 (and review from chapters 1 & 2)
1. Determine which of the 4 macromolecules require the following elements:
a. Carbon: carbohydrates___ lipids___ proteins___ nucleic acids___
b. Nitrogen: carbohydrates___ lipids___ proteins___ nucleic acids___
c. Sulfur: carbohydrates___ lipids___ proteins___ nucleic acids___
2. The essential elements mentioned above are cycled through cells and the earth in biogeochemical cycles like the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle, and the sulfur cycle. Select the correct answer and fill in the blanks to summarize these cycles:
a. Carbon dioxide is taken in from the atmosphere by [autotrophs/heterotrophs] and converted to glucose through carbon ________________. When heterotrophs eat autotrophs they catabolize glucose to make ATP through __________________ and waste carbon is released as ___________.
b. There is plenty of nitrogen available in the atmosphere but it is not accessible to organisms because it is in the form of Nitrogen gas (N2). N2 is fixed by [bacteria/plants/animals] and converted to ammonia (NH3.) NH3 can be used by [bacteria/plants/animals] to build their cells. Next, by consuming food with amino acids, [bacteria/plants/animals] can get access to nitrogen for their own cellular needs.
c. There is also a good quantity of sulfur in dirt, rocks, and the atmosphere. Sulfur cycles between H2S => S0 => SO4 => SH groups in Proteins => back to H2S. Using _________________ respiration, anoxygenic photosynthesis, and chemolithoautotrophy [bacteria/plants/animals] convert H2S and S0 to SO4 which is taken in by [bacteria/plants/animals] and used to build their cells. When [bacteria/plants/animals] eat plants they take in essential amino acids containing sulfur and recycle these to make their own proteins.
d. _________________ break down waste and dead organisms and recycle nutrients back into the cycles.
*The C and N are summarized here: https://youtu.be/2D7hZpIYlCA and https://youtu.be/leHy-Y_8nRs
3. Identify the main metabolic classifications:
A microbe that makes its own food by taking carbon from CO2 in the atmosphere and its energy from sunlight | |
A microbe that makes its own food by taking carbon from CO2 in the atmosphere and its energy from reduced inorganic chemicals | |
A microbe that eats other organisms to get organic carbon and energy | |
A microbe that uses organic carbon from others but energy from sunlight |
Please help me with my microbiology assignment.