BIO 3124 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Antiporter, Poikilotherm, Thermophile

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4 Oct 2017

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Nutritional complexity is what needs to be supplied to the microorganism through culture media to allow it to grow. Nutritional complexity is a function of the biosynthetic capacity. The greater the biosynthetic capacity, the lower the nutritional requirements: complex media: composed or rich and complex ingredients such as soya protein extracts, milk protein extracts, blood products, tomato juice. Can be selective and/or differential: de ned media. Can contain up to 80 different ingredients, or can be very simple. Allows the growth of a restricted number of microorganisms. Composition is highly variable according to the microorganisms. Can be selective and/or differential: selective media: contain compounds which inhibit or kills the undesired organisms. Choose what can and cannot grow, done by adding something that will prevent/kill. Ie. medium containing penicillin only allows the growth of penicillin resistant organisms: differential media: allows to discriminate different species visually (colour) Often contain ph indicators, which allows discrimination of different metabolisms.

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5. Some bacteria live in deep sea vents where no light penetrates, yet are still capable of producing their own reduced carbon (e.g. fixing carbon dioxide). These organisms are classified as

(A) photoheterotroph (B) photoautotroph

(C)chemoheterotroph (D)chemoautotroph

(E) organotroph

6. Nitrogen fixation is the conversion of

(A) ammonium ion to nitrogen gas. (B) nitrogen gas to ammonium ion.

(C)nitrate ion to nitrogen gas. (D)ammonium ion to nitrate ion.

(E) nitrate ion to ammonium ion.

7. Which of the following is true of complex media?

(A) Bacteria grow faster on them than on synthetic media.

(B) All the chemical components and their concentrations are known.

(C)Complex media are the most difficult of all to prepare.

(D)Complex media can help determine the metabolic capacity of an organism.

(E) They are also called minimal media.

8. Which of the following types of growth media contains blood?

(A) minimal media (B) complex media

(C)defined media (D)enriched media

(E) selective media

9. The bile salts and crystal violet in MacConkey lactose plates prevent the growth of Gram-positives. These additives make the MacConkey plate a

(A) complex medium. (B) defined medium.

(C)minimal medium. (D)selective medium.

(E) differential medium.

10. You discover a new bacterial efflux pump that moves an uncharged toxin out of the cell using the proton motive force as the energy source. This new transporter can be classified as an

(A) electrogenic antiporter (B) electrogenic symporter

(C)electroneutral antiporter (D)electroneutral symporter

(E) none of the above

11. Which of the following involves nitrate as a terminal electron acceptor?

(A) photosynthesis (B) aerobic respiration

(C)fermentation (D)anaerobic respiration

(E) glycolysis

12. Which of the following is least likely to use glucose (an organic molecule) as a source of electrons?

(A) lithotrophy (B) organotrophy

(C)aerobic respiration (D)anaerobic respiration

(E) heterotrophy

17. Which of the following nutrient uptake systems does not require cellular energy?

(A) facilitated diffusion (B) coupled transport

(C)ABC transporters (D)group translocation

(E) All of the above require energy expenditure by the cell

18. What is the energy source for ABC transporters?

(A) proton motive force (B) NADH

(C)phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) (D)ATP

(E) No energy is required for ABC transport.

19. Which of the following is true of all biofilms?

(A) They only contain a single species of bacteria.

(B) Biofilms can form on a range of biotic or abiotic surfaces.

(C)Cells in a biofilm are dormant until the bacteria leave the biofilm.

(D)Biofilms are composed of a single monolayer of EPS.

(E) Biofilms are not found in or on the human body.

20. The heterocyst cells of cyanobacteria are specialized for

(A) photosynthesis (B) gliding motility

(C)nitrogen fixation (D)carbon fixation

(E) antibiotic production

1)Mechanims by which antibiotics kill or inhibit microbialgrowth are: a) Inhibition of cell wall synthesis b) Injury of cellmembrane c) Inhibition of protein synthesis d) Inhibition of DNA orRNA synthesis e) All of the above

2)The semisynthetic methicillin has the advantage of: a) Beingbroad spectrum b) Being inactivated by penicillanse only onprolonged usage c) Not being affected by penicillinase d) All ofthe above e) None of the above

3)Which of the following interfere with cell wall synthesis? a)Chloramphenicol b) Tetracyclines c) Penicillin d) Bacitracin e)Only C and D above

4)A rare but serious complication of chloramphenicol treatmentis: a) Kidney damage b) deafness due to damage of eight cranialnerve c) Anemia due to suppression of bone marrow cells d0 Anemiadue to destruction of circulationg red blood cells e) None of theabove

5)The development of drug resistance in a microorganism may bedue to: a) Abilty of the organism to destroy the abtibioticb)mutation that allows the organism to by-pass the sensitive stepc)Sporulation d)All of the above e) Only A and B above

6)The synthesis of vitamins B and K by enteric bacteria providesan example: a) Commensalism b) Symbiosis c) Opportunism d)Infection e) synegestic effect

7)The normal habotat of Staphylococcus aureus may be: a) Urinarytract b) stomach c) Healthy tissues d) nose, throat, and skin e)Scalp

8)Clostridium perfringens may be found as a part of the normalflora in: a) Mouth b) Intestines c) Lungs d) Urinary tract e)Wounds

9)A disease constantly present in a locality is said to be: a)Endemic b) Epidemic c) Pandemic d) Sporadic e) Reservoir

10)Foreign substances that induce a specific immune responseafter gaining entrance to the body are termed: a) Antigens b)Antibodies c) Cytolysins d) Complement e) None o the above

11)Essential prperties of an antigen are: a) It must be foreignto the host b) It must be degradable by the host c) It must be alarge molecule and possess at least two different determinantgroups d) It must posses a three-dimentional or tertiary structuree) All of the above

12)Based on antigenic differences inH chains, antibodies havebeen divided into the following classes: a) IgG and Iga b) IgM andIgD c0 Ige d) all of the above e)None of the above

13)quantitatively the largest class of immunoglobulins in humanserum is: a) IgG b) IgA c) IgM d) IgD e)IgE

14)Which of the following statements are applicable to IgMimmunoglobulins: a) They are the antibodies first to be detectedafter injection of an antigen b) In the presence of complement,they are highly lethal to gram-negative bacteria c) They play animportantnprotective role during the early stags of infection d)All of the above e) None of the above

15)Antibodies are chiefly produced by: a) Lymphocytes b)Eosinophilis c) Erythrocutes d) Polymorphonuclear neutrophils e)None of the above

16)Today antiserum is mainly used for: a) Temporary preventionof certain viral infections b) Neutralization of certain potentbacterial toxins c) Treatment of hepatitis patients d) Only A and Babove e) None of the above

17)antiserum may be described as: a) Blood serum that containsantibodies b) Blood serum that contains antigens c) Blood serumthat contain an antibiotic d) Bovine blood serum prior to injectionof an antigen e) None of the above

18)The sources of antiserum are: a) Chemical synthesis in thelaboratory b) Blood from animal that has developed antibodies to aspecific antigen c) Gamma globulin separatd from pooled human bloodd) All of the above e) Only B and C above

19)The major advantage of antiserum is: a) It is quickly andeasily produced b)It provides circulationg antibodies immediatelyc) It can be administered orally d) All of the above e) none of theabove

20) A viral vaccine for the common cold probably would not bebeneficial because: a) A pure culture cannot be frown in tissuecultures b) A multiplicity of viral agents is responsible for thecoomon cold c) Immunity is of brief duration d) All of the above e)None of the above

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BIO 3124 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Antiporter, Poikilotherm, Thermophile

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