BIO 3158 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Vertebral Column, Haemal Arch, Cervical Vertebrae
1 Feb 2017
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Document Summary
Trunk vertebrae (left: no canal centrally in trunk. Caudal vertebrae (right: contains hemal canal which has blood vessels (protection) Neural tube is dorsal relative to notochord. Can define lineages by looking at structure of centrum and vertebrae. Acoelous: flat margins, between vertebrae find intervertebral disc which contains nucleus pulposus (remnant of notchord, reptiles, birds, mammals. Amphicoelous: both extremities of centrum are concave, often incomplete, fishes and first tetrapod. Procoelous: one surface that is flat and another that is concave, amphibians and primitive reptiles. Heterocoelous: saddle shape, provides great deal of flexibility (possibility of rotation of the head and neck, neck of birds. Top right: cervical vertebrae of an ostrich: great deal of capacity for rotation. Advantage of having extremities of centrum concave or convex: concave. Point of rotation of notochord is center. Point of rotation is one of the extremities and nerve cord is seen as being extended. Notochord in adults with few elements of the neural arches and spines.
