CHM 1321 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Fractional Distillation, Boiling Point, Distillation

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Distillation is a common method used in chemistry to separate substances. Boiling points of each substance is a result of its molecular structure and types of bonds within the compound. The process of distillation can purify a compound by separating it from a less volatile substance and into individual components on the basis of differences in their boiling points (experiment 3). There are two main types of distillations: simple and fractional. Simple distillation involves the boiling of compounds within the distilling flask in order for their vapours to be carried past the thermometer bulb. The vapours then flow into the cooled condenser which turns the compound back into liquid form. The different compounds are then collected in the receiving flask. In order for this procedure to have accurate results, the pressure must stay constant throughout the experiment. This is done by leaving the tubing connector of the vacuum takeoff adaptor open.

Related Questions

EAS Bromintation Reaction

To a 50 mL round bottom flask charged with a stirbar and fitted with a reflux condenser, combine 1.780 g N-bromosuccinimide and 7.00 mL acetonitrile. Upon dissolution, add 0.162 g iron (III) chloride and stir the solution for 5 minutes at room temperature. (note* you will see the solution turn from yellow to dark red indicating the formation of the bromine complex. Once the color change is noticed, add 1.065 mL toluene and stir the reaction for 30 minutes at room temperature. Monitor the reaction via TLC using a 30% ethyl acetate in hexanes eluent system.

Multiple Choice:

1. The Electrophile in the bromination reaction is..

A. Br- B. Br+ C. toluene D. Br-Br

2. A benzene ring with activating substituents can be considered a/an...

A. inert compound B. Electrophile C. Nucleophile D. Ringophile

3. Can toluene be separated from the mono substituted bromotoluenes by distillation?

A. Yes by fractional distillation as the boiling points are less than 25 degrees apart B. No the boiling points are within 5 degrees of each other C. Yes by simple distillation as the boiling points are greater than 25 degrees apart

4. 12 principles of Green Chemistry: You work for a pharmaceutical company and you are asked to synthesize a fluorinated compound that will be used to produce a new medicine. The procedure calls for the addition of HF, which is a very reactive and dangerous substance. You figured out a way to slowly produce HF in situ rather than having to add it beforehand/ Which priciple is under consideration:

A 3 B.12 C. 6 D. 10

5. According to green chemistry, what class of catalysts are actually toxic

A. synthetic catalysts B. Heavy metal based catalysts C. Biological protein catalysts D. RNA catalysits

6. Rather than using the historical approach of controlling the concentration or releases of a particular chemical substance through engineering controls or waster treatment procedures, green chemistry:

A changes the intrinsic nature of the substances themselves so as to redue or eliminate the hazard posed by the substances

B. completely eliminates all potential hazards

C. only involves reactions of extremely low concentrations

D. ignores the dwstream effects of chemical substances while attempting to find the efficient synthetic methods

CHM 1321 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Fractional Distillation, Boiling Point, Distillation

CHM 1321 Full Course Notes

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