CHM 2353 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: List Of Gasoline Additives, Boiling Point, Diagonal Relationship

• School: University of Ottawa
• Department: Chemistry
• Course: CHM 2353
• Professor: Muralee Murugesu

Document Summary

Zeff: increases moving to the right, alkali metals generally have low zeff. Low 1st ionization energy, but high 2nd ionization energy > usually found in the +1 oxidation state. Never found freely in nature - they are too easily oxidized by o, s, or cl. Highly reactive, always combine with something else. Natural brines (ex. sea water): chlorides, carbonates, sulphate of li, na, and k. 2 nacl (l) > 2 na (l) + cl2 (g) Mixing nacl with cacl2 lowers the melting point, making the process commercially feasible. Na and cl have different densities and can be easily separated. Extraction of metallic potassium: reduction of molten kcl and na. Kcl (l) + na (l) nacl (l) + k (g) Reaction conditions: 850 to obtain molten state of kcl, equilibrium is forced to the right by pumping off k gas - le chatelier"s principle. Soft: metallic bonds are weak due to large size. Highly reactive: reactivity increases going down the group.