CRM 1301 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Cesare Beccaria, Middle Ages, Social Contract

• School: University of Ottawa
• Department: Criminology
• Course: CRM 1301
• Professor: Christine Gervais

Document Summary

Shift from the late middle ages to the renaissance assumes supernatural authority (divine right of kings) Factory workers + displaced persons + urban centers = traditional control is ineffective. Shift from discipline of the body to discipline of the mind. Need discipline labor to ensure production in the factories. Shift from old religious thinking to enlightened age (ration "man" = center) State = to realize will of the people. Democratic context (gov"t for and by the people) - "radical" Judges tried to make judgement calls on the crimes that were committed, in order for less people to be sent to the death penalty. Right to punish (part of the social contract) Judges = third party - to determine guilt. Harm to society = legitimate measures of seriousness (proportionality) Punishment = calculable; greatest benefit for greatest number. Punishment = only marginally/ slightly more severe than harm done by the act. More severe than the harm done by act.