CRM 2301 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Cesare Beccaria, Compurgation, Micro Focus International
23 Jan 2017
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Two types of explanation exist: spiritual explanation: otherworldly powers. Feudal lord instituted methods: god indicates who is innocent and who is guilty. Trial by battle (later on trail by ordeal and by 1215- Compurgation: find 12 people to say that the individual is not guilty. Conflict between absolute good and absolute evil: natural explanation: use of physical and material world to explain a phenomenon. Scientific theories: make statement about the relationship between observable phenomena. In 16th and 17th century social scientist study human affairs scientifically. Are falsifiable: the assertion of theory is tested against the observed world of the facts. Ended the reign of church and aristocratic feudal structure. New social order: the emergence of new middle class. Which questioned many of the political/church practices. The emergence of protestant ethic vs. catholic church. An era of great thought and expression. Up to this point, few written laws, punishment was arbitrary,
