GEG 2108 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Gilgit-Baltistan, Kainai Nation, Oral Tradition
27 Aug 2016
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Thursday, January 21, 2016
Colonization, Empires and Imperialisms
-The colonial era takes root in the late 15th century
•western European societies
•ex: Spain, Portugal, holland, France, England
-Dominant countries expanding their empires into north america
-The Spanish went up to southern USA
-Holland takes root in Pennsylvania, new York, eastern sea board, get absorbed by
the English
-France comes up through the Mississippi, ends up in Alabama, Mississippi (the deep
south), New France, all the way down the Eastern Sea board around the St Lawrence
and Mississippi river
-With territory comes wealth, comes power, these are countries that are
competitive, competing for dominance, in war
-English trying to gain the eastern sea board, trying to get the maritimes, edge the
Dutch out of New York State, upper southern states
-The colonizers bring their animosity and dislike among each other into the new
continent
-Initially the Spanish and Portuguese hit the motherload, Caribean, latin america (they
had possession of gold and precious minerals)
•Having found them, they made early alliances, and then brought armies, to take the
wealth by force
-Conquistador (brutal era)
•Indigenous people were escalated, annihilated.
- Disappearance of the Aztecs, mayans, Incas etc.
-Northern North America = Poor second cousins of Latin America
•They struggled to find wealth
!1
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Thursday, January 21, 2016
•The French, Dutch and English found different kinds of wealth
•Emergence of the Fur trade
•northern areas = fur, western = deer skins
-English colonies discovered that the land was a particular resource
-In the Southern U.S, the land was ripe for plantation and agriculture
•cotton, tobacco
•Needs to be constantly tended to
•need a labour force
•tried to enslave the Indigenous people to do the work
•Indigenous people from the south were sold into The Caribbean; cane fields
•And then African slaves started being imported to the south, when the Aboriginal
people had been depopulated
-Strong North American Slave trade
-In some contexts there is forced movement
-Other contexts there is alliances with the Aboriginal people
•For the Fur trade
•Trade for guns, mirrors, pots - makes life easier
-Not just one model for colonialism models
-Not just one timeline either
-USA, Mexico… Wars for independence
•A new colonialism emergences, the government now in place wants to retain power
•Colonialism hasn't ended, it just looks different
-Difference between colonization and colonialism
•part of the same process, but different things
!2
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