HSS 1100 Lecture 5: Lecture 10 notes
6 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Microbiology and Immunology
Notes: Lecture 10
Prof: F. Pagotto
➢ Review
o Measles are at a 20-year high, causes rash, spots in the mouth
o HVI attracts T-cells which causes immune system to deteriorate
o Antigenic variation is very strong, more the clusters branch out the greater the
differences there are, makes it hard to develop vaccines
o We are less human cells than we are bacterial cells
➢ Preventable nosocomial
o Caused by bad-handwashing, leaving surgical items in the patient, coughing
➢ Non-preventable nosocomial
o Immunodeficiency, damaged organs, destruction of GI
➢ Nosocomial sources
o Person-to-person (endogenous vs exogenous)
o Environment
o Food
o Air
o Water
o Vector (biological entity that spreads disease ex: mosquitos or ticks)
o Fomite (inanimate, ex: surgical tool)
o Anything that can break the skin can cause nosocomial infections
➢ Chain of infection
o First step is the source, what is the organism and where is it located
o Second step is the route of infection, how it gets to us
o Third step is the host, what is the immune status and how susceptible the host is
o Prevent/control: eliminating pests, isolate the host, use masks if airborne,
vaccinate, sterilize, disinfect, precautions (ex: TB test)
➢ Universal precaution: treating the person as if they are infected and taking all
precautions necessary
➢ Universal precaution does not equal isolating the patient, because someone has to
come see you even during isolation, we must use whatever is best to protect ourselves
in order to best protect the patient
➢ Physical way of cleaning/sterilization
o Heat: dry, moist (better because it starts to degrade cell walls and pathogens),
incineration
o Radiation: gamma, ultraviolet
o Filtration: pasteurize
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HSS 1100 Full Course Notes
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Document Summary
Preventable nosocomial: caused by bad-handwashing, leaving surgical items in the patient, coughing. Nosocomial sources: person-to-person (endogenous vs exogenous, environment, food, air, water, vector (biological entity that spreads disease ex: mosquitos or ticks, fomite (inanimate, ex: surgical tool, anything that can break the skin can cause nosocomial infections. Universal precaution: treating the person as if they are infected and taking all precautions necessary. Universal precaution does not equal isolating the patient, because someone has to come see you even during isolation, we must use whatever is best to protect ourselves in order to best protect the patient. Physical way of cleaning/sterilization: heat: dry, moist (better because it starts to degrade cell walls and pathogens), incineration, radiation: gamma, ultraviolet, filtration: pasteurize. Order of resistance: spores/cysts, mycobacteria, fungi, vegetative bacterial, enveloped viruses. Hand sanitizer: removes transient flora only, contains 60-70% ethanol and emollients, because it destroys the cell membrane of the cells.
