HSS 4102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Methylation, Germ Cell Tumor, Progenitor Cell
29 Nov 2018
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Document Summary
Tumor progression: initiation modifications at the dna level; mutations to one or more bases, chemical carcinogen reacts with dna to produce a mutation. Initiation is irreversible but an initiated cell is not a cancer cell and does not necessarily become one: cancer results from too many copies of the mutated gene, promotion, tumor promoters contribute to carcinogenesis by non-genotoxic mechanisms. They influence the proliferation of initiated cells to form a benign lesion which can regress or acquire additional mutations and become of malignant neoplasm. It is the increase in the number of cell divisions which increases the risk of additional mutations. As the cells divide, new mutations are formed increasing the instability. Metastasis spread of tumor cells from the primary tumor to distant sites or organs; big killer. Individual tumors are usually a single clone which is derived from a single progenitor cell.
