PHI 1101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Necessity And Sufficiency

• School: University of Ottawa
• Department: Philosophy
• Course: PHI 1101
• Professor: Iva Apostolova

Document Summary

Use-and-mention is the easiest to spot, it is more often than not about adding punctuation to dispel the ambiguity. If there is a class of objects, then the ambiguity is most likely a referential ambiguity (distributive-collective) Use method of elimination: start with use-of-mention, then grammatical, then referential. Remember: grammatical ambiguity is when something within a structure of the sentence makes it ambiguous. Referential ambiguity is when the word/phrase refers to more than one thing in the world (outside the statement). There can be two at once (in the exam, one will be obvious and one could be hidden) Necessary conditions: if not p, therefore, not q, or if q, therefore p. that is, if the cause is absent, the consequence is absent. But the presence of the cause does not guarantee the consequence. (minimal condition/requirement) if you cannot think of any other possibility occurring when the cause is absent, there the condition is necessary.