PHI 2396 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: United States Public Health Service, World Medical Association, Nuremberg Code
23 Nov 2016
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Document Summary
Historical foundations: unethical researches: the nazi experiments: the most signi cant cases that revealed the need for establishing guidelines in research ethics were the abuses during wwii. Physicians conducting experiments under the nazis forced people to do a number of things. People were forced to drink seawater to nd out how long a person could survive without fresh water. In another experiment, 52 prisoners were exposed to phosgene gas, a biological warfare agent, to test possible antidotes. According to the nuremberg code, it is a requirement for informed consent: the voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely essential . Later on, the nuremberg code in uenced the declatation of helsinki issued by the. Tuskegee syphilis study: us public health service conducted observations of. African american men in a rural setting who were suffering from secondary syphilis. The treatment (penicillin) was withheld from these men, without their knowledge or consent.
