PHS 1200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Pleural Effusion, Freediving Blackout, Modes Of Mechanical Ventilation

• School: University of Ottawa
• Department: Physiology
• Course: PHS 1200
• Professor: Frank Feiner

Document Summary

Bradypnea: rate of breathing < 12 breaths/min, eg. overuse of narcotics, brain disorders, Orthopnea: difficulty breathing (shortness of breath) when lying down usually result of. Tachypnea: rate of breathing > 20 breaths/min (shallow breaths) cases includes lung disease, anxiety, obesity, pulmonary embolism hypothyroidism. Eupnea is rhythmic (8-16 breaths/min, tidal volume = 400-800ml); short expiratory pause; sigh breaths (10-12/hr) Kussmaul respiration: slow, deeps breaths (eg. advanced ketoacidosis) Cheyne-stokes respirations: any condition that slows blood flow to brain stem; heart failure or brainstem disease. Examples of abnormal breathing sounds: wheezing: asthma, crackles: pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis, stridor: airway obstruction. Hypoventilation: results in hypercapnia (pco2>44mmhg) and decreased blood ph. Hyperventilation: results in hypocapnia (pco2<36mmhg) and increased blood ph. Cyanosis: bluish discoloration of skin and mucous membranes due to excess of reduced hemoglobin. Central cyanosis (mucous membranes) and peripheral cyanosis (nail beds) are two examples of inadequate oxygenation that would show cyanosis.