PHS 4300 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Kidney Failure, Vesicoureteral Reflux, Chronic Kidney Disease
17 Oct 2017
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Document Summary
25% cardiac output goes through the renal system, of which: Rates: 1-2% in the medulla (inner core, 90% in the cortex (where filtration occurs the glomeruli at the beginning of the nephrons) 99% (of the 180l filtered in 24 hours) is absorbed. Blood enters the glomeruli through the afferent arterial, is filtered (filtered substance goes then through the nephron), then exits through the efferent arterial. The kidney can control the rate of filtration by constricting or dilating the glomeruli. Mesangial cells (of the mesangial matrix) are like muscle cells in the glomerulus, they are what can contract and relax around the capillaries. The glomerulus membrane is very porous (fenestrae in the endothelium), allowing for many substances (not large proteins or blood) to filter through. Podocytes are the final layer/barrier (visceral epithelium) of the filtration (making up all those foot processes long finger-like cells) ), that it allows larger molecules/proteins pass through.
