PSY 4127 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep, Restless Legs Syndrome, Neurodegeneration
4 Jun 2018
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Sleep Disorders
Part 1: Parasomnias (/around sleep/)
Unwanted events or experiences that happen as you are falling asleep or waking up, or while you sleep:
- REM Behavior Disorder (RBD)
- Bruxism
- Sleep walking
- Sleep talking
- Sleep eating disorder
- Sexomnia
- Night terrors
- Sleep paralysis
- Nightmares
- Confusional arousals
- Bed wetting
- Sleep hallucinations
- Exploding head syndrome
Sleep Paralysis: a period of inability to perform voluntary movements either at sleep onset (hynagogic or
predormital) or in the morning (hypnopopic or postdormital).
- Limb, trunk, and head movements are impossible.
- Ocular movements are intact
- Last from one to several minutes and can end spontaneously
- Acute anxiety is common, especially if breathing is perceived as difficult and not under voluntary control
- Hallucinations may be present
Prevalence
- At least once in a lifetime for 40-50% of normal subjects
- 3-6% of people have it /once in a while/
- Narcoleptics: 17-40%
- Intrusion of REMS paralysis mechanism in waking state
Not related to narcolepsy, cataplexy, and occult shenanigans.
Treatment: avoid irregular sleep, sleep deprivation, shift work, jet lag, overtiredness, and stress.
- Education
- Drugs which also treat narcolepsy
REM Behavior Disorder
REM sleep occurs but without normal muscle atonia so you end up acting out your dreams. This worsens with age
and is more common in men. Cause by problems in the brain stem circuitry – has a strong association with
eurodegeerative disorders suh as Parkiso’s disease 33%, usle syste atrophy 90%, narcolepsy, and
obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
You must RBD proof your bedroom, loosing access to windows and doors, maintain a normal sleep time, reduce
triggers, reduce other medications and alcohol.
Bruxism (teeth grinding): grinding sounds as a result of high pressure on the teeth, can be very loud and disturbing
for the partner, may occur in any of the stages of sleep, even from REM sleep, must be associated with stress.
Somnambulism (sleep walking): not during REM, you are not acting out your dreams, therefor it is different from
REM behavior disorder.
- Can also drive, have sex, climb out a window, do complex tasks.
- Walking generally occurs in slow wave sleep
- Might also run, shout or do routine or crude behaviors in odd ways.
- Occurs in 17% of children and is usually harmless
- Risk factors: head injuries, OSA, stress, sleep deprivation, drugs/medications, strange surroundings, noise,
light, fevers.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Unwanted events or experiences that happen as you are falling asleep or waking up, or while you sleep: Sleep paralysis: a period of inability to perform voluntary movements either at sleep onset (hynagogic or predormital) or in the morning (hypnopopic or postdormital). Last from one to several minutes and can end spontaneously. Acute anxiety is common, especially if breathing is perceived as difficult and not under voluntary control. At least once in a lifetime for 40-50% of normal subjects. 3-6% of people have it /once in a while/ Intrusion of rems paralysis mechanism in waking state. Not related to narcolepsy, cataplexy, and occult shenanigans. Treatment: avoid irregular sleep, sleep deprivation, shift work, jet lag, overtiredness, and stress. Rem sleep occurs but without normal muscle atonia so you end up acting out your dreams. This worsens with age and is more common in men.
