PSY 4130 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Ecological Psychology, Daniel Kahneman, Allen Newell
5 Jun 2018
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Lecture 21: Cognition
Cognition is generally regarded as the aggregate of those processes by which sensory inputs
are attended to and then processed in combination with stored memories, and perhaps
communicated to others by means of language, all of these functions involving our faculties
of reasoning and problem solving.
Cognitive psychology involves the study of thinking, attention, memory, language, problem-
solving, intelligence, and related processes in the human being.
Although this involves an inferential leap, we can also study cognitive processes in other
species and we can model these processes in machines which can include cybernetics,
computer science, and artificial intelligence.
Carles Babbage (1791-1871)
British mathematician and inventor who developed the first digital computer, a mechanical
analytical engine that could be programmed to perform different tasks. During his life,
mathematical tables that we now take for granted were either not avalible or they commonly
contained errors caused by faulty calculations.
• designed a divide that could perform error-free calculations
Tunring: British mathematician regarded as the father of computer science.
He is famous helping break German codes during the second world war.
Applications of mathematics to biology — in 1952 was convicted for homosexual acts and
accepted chemical casteration. Died of cyanade poisoning at 41 by accident or suicide.
In 1946 Turning presented a detailed design for stored-programme computer. In 1950 his
mathematical work led to artificial intelligence.
The Turning test is a method to determine whether a response to a question was delivered by
a person or machine; if a distinction cannot be made the machine is (by definition)
intelligent.
In the part of the 20th century, Behaviouralism was a major force of psychology. Especially
after the end of the Second World War, behaviours came under concerted attach by a new
generation of psychologists. Three major contributors to the anti-behaviourist movement —
all considered here — were Jerome Bruner, George Miller, and Noam Chomsky.
Jerome Bruner
Major contribution to cognitive psychology relates to concept formation. Active use of
cognition in the obtainment of concepts.
Simon: areas of research concerned the spurious correlation, in which we might infer a
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Document Summary
Cognitive psychology involves the study of thinking, attention, memory, language, problem- solving, intelligence, and related processes in the human being. Although this involves an inferential leap, we can also study cognitive processes in other species and we can model these processes in machines which can include cybernetics, computer science, and artificial intelligence. British mathematician and inventor who developed the first digital computer, a mechanical analytical engine that could be programmed to perform different tasks. During his life, mathematical tables that we now take for granted were either not avalible or they commonly contained errors caused by faulty calculations: designed a divide that could perform error-free calculations. Tunring: british mathematician regarded as the father of computer science. He is famous helping break german codes during the second world war. Applications of mathematics to biology in 1952 was convicted for homosexual acts and accepted chemical casteration. Died of cyanade poisoning at 41 by accident or suicide.
