BIO205H5 Lecture : BIO205 info on parasites, mimicry, plant defenses and more

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tealturtle443

18 Oct 2011

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Parasites don"t really want to kill their hosts. Doesn"t take a lot of brain power to be herbivore need more brains to chase down their prey. A lot of predators vision designed to look for motion. Zebra"s stripes make it difficult for predator to determine outline and track motion of zebra. Aggregation way of protecting themselves from predators selfish herd everyone wants to be in middle of group because then they would be the least likely/last to be eaten. Weaponry or displays thorns, spikes, spines or pretend to be scary (lizard makes itself looks big and may even run after you for a brief time) Chemical defenses: usually advertise compared to those who try to hide through camouflage if really have defenses good to display colours so that it will be easily learned by predator that it really is poisonous. Takes one experience and then predator won"t touch anything that colourful again. Red band near black, venom lack king snake.

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I was walking through a park this afternoon and observed a fewbirds having fun flying around and it got me thinking why wouldnatural selection favour birds with flesh at all if it hinderstheir flight.

We started first with single-cell and micro-organismsflourishing the ponds and then they evolved into massive dinosaurs.It therefore seems, there are some unique reasons for growing tosuch a large size.

However, I thought it's counter intuitive because the large bodyslows down locomotion, requires lots of food and energy upkeep, isa big flesh target for predators, makes hiding ineffective.

Although it is obvious that the flesh protects the internalorgans, but it seems like a chicken and egg problem because withouta massive body, perhaps then there is no need for the internalorgans.

On a different perspective, perhaps those animals that evolvedwithout flesh are called plants.

That sums up my naive train of thoughts.

So, any expert can shed some light?

Q6: Biomagnification occurs when

A- toxic substances that accumulate in one organism get transferred to its predator

B- birds of prey are harvested by humans

C- organisms take up toxic chemicals from the environment

D- toxic substances threaten ecosystem services

Q7: A good hypothesis is

A- eventually turned into law

B- testable and falsifiable

C- proof of a theory

D- a fact that is supported by fundamental principles of physics and chemistry

E- a rule of thumb

Q8: The precautionary principle

A- is the same as the "innocent until proven guilty" approach

B- brings substances to market cautiously, only after extensive testing

C- brings products to market relatively quickly after limited testing, and are removed when more extensive testing proves them harmful

D- states that mandatory testing will hamper the introduction of products that consumers want

Q9: What is true about native species on the Hawaiian islands?

A- island dwelling species that have lost defenses are vulnerable to extinction when enemies are introduced

B- many evolved for millions of years without needing to defend themselves against the threat of predation by mammals

C- many are endemic

D- all of the above are true

Q10: Logisitc growth?

A- has no limiting factors and populations rise exponentially

B- has limiting factors that determine a carrying capacity

Q11

_________ have already undergone the demographic transition.

A- developing countries

B- developed countries

C- countries with high replacement fertility rates

D- agrarian societies

E- none of the above

44.Why donât similar genotypes always produce the same phenotype?

A. Parent alter their phenotype and pass on this phenotype to progeny

B. Phenotype is the product of many environmental influences

C. Genetic variations of ADH enzyme produce the same phenotype

D. Animals display different phenotypes dependent on diet, not genotype

46.Which of the following attributes has the least effect on the contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation?

A. spas of mating privileges

B. more efficient at obtaining food

C. produces more offspring

D. camouflage from predators

47.âUntil the agricultural evolution 10,000 years ago, people used to live in small populations with little gene flow between them. That is the best situation for rapid evolution.â said Sewall Wright. one of the founders of population genetics. This conclusion on gene flow conflicts with Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, which states that no gene flow means

A. natural selection

B. no evolution

C. no random mating

D. no genetic drift

58 Larval flies (maggots) express the Ubx gene in all of their segments, and thereby lack appendages. If this same gene continued to be expressed throughout subsequent developmental stages, except in the head region, and if the result was a fit, sexually mature organism that still strongly resembled a maggot, this would be an example of

A. homochrony

B. exaptation

C. paedomorphosis.

D. adaptive radiation

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BIO205H5 Lecture : BIO205 info on parasites, mimicry, plant defenses and more

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