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BIO211H5 Lecture Notes - Protoplanet, Archean, Oceanic Crust

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viridiancockroach622

2 Nov 2011

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Jessica Hawthorn

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Document Summary

Earth- earth materials iron and magnesium differentiated, denser toward center, less dense silicates rose to the surface, cooled to form crust. Moon formed when protoplanet impacted with earth, proportions of iron and magnesium. Earliest crust was made up of dense oceanic basalts. Felsics(rocks rich in silicate minerals)differentiated to form nuclei of continental crusts. Oceanic crust more dense=mafic(high in mg and fe), continental less=felsic. Oldest rocks on earth are small archean fragments. Deep marine sediments accreted to continent, forming wedges between continental masses. Uppermost mantle is part of the lithosphere- ultramafic (low silicate minerals, high in fe and mg) behaves elastically. Crust- continental thicker less dense, oceanic thinner more dense, thickness changes- volcano-0.

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Related Questions

1.) Oceans cover approximately _____ % of the earth'ssurface.
a. [20] b. [50] c. [70] d. [85]

2.) What type of rock is the ocean floor made ofprimarily?
a. [Granite] b. [Schist] c. [Marble] d. [Basalt]

3.) What description below best explains the continentalshelf?
a. [The geological edge of the continent and is where the continentdrops off to the deep ocean floor]
b. [A wedge of sediment that sits at the base of the continent onthe ocean floor]
c. [The flat and mostly submerged part of the continent]

4.) What description below best explains the continentalslope?
a. [The geological edge of the continent and is where the continentdrops off to the deep ocean floor]
b. [A wedge of sediment that sits at the base of the continent onthe ocean floor]
c. [The flat and mostly submerged part of the continent]

5.) What description below best explains the continentalrise?
a. [The geological edge of the continent and is where the continentdrops off to the deep ocean floor]
b. [A wedge of sediment that sits at the base of the continent onthe ocean floor]
c. [The flat and mostly submerged part of the continent]

6.) Where does the sediment that makes up the continental risecome from?
a. [Continents via Rivers] b. [From the Ocean Floor] c. [Volcanoes]d. [Hawaii]

7.) Which of the choices below is the term that is used to referto a remarkably flat, deep and fine sediment-covered ocean floorthat sits between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-oceanridge?
a. [Continental shelf]
b. [Guyot]
c. [Abyssal plain]
d. [Continental slope]

8.) When magma comes up to the surface along the mid-oceanridges of the world, it displaces the newly created rock above itto either side of the ridge. As this process continues over time,what age pattern does the ocean floor eventually exhibit?
a. [Rock will be older as you move away from the ridge]
b. [Rock will be younger as you move away from the ridge]
c. [The age of the rock will not change as you move away from theridge]

9.) Scientists know that new lithosphere is constantly beingcreated at the mid-ocean ridges. However, the Earth is not gettinglarger in size. This means that lithosphere is getting recycledelsewhere. Where does the majority of this older lithosphere endup? Choose the best answer below:
a. [It is assimilated into the mantle]
b. [It is assimilated into the asthenosphere]
c. [It is disintegrated at the plate boundary before itsubducts]
d. [The Earth actually is getting larger in size. Lithosphere isnot being recycled]

Comment

lemonelephant722

2.) What type of rock is the ocean floor made ofprimarily?
a. [Granite] b. [Schist] c. [Marble] d. [Basalt]

3.) What description below best explains the continentalshelf?
a. [The geological edge of the continent and is where the continentdrops off to the deep ocean floor]
b. [A wedge of sediment that sits at the base of the continent onthe ocean floor]
c. [The flat and mostly submerged part of the continent]

4.) What description below best explains the continentalslope?
a. [The geological edge of the continent and is where the continentdrops off to the deep ocean floor]
b. [A wedge of sediment that sits at the base of the continent onthe ocean floor]
c. [The flat and mostly submerged part of the continent]

5.) What description below best explains the continentalrise?
a. [The geological edge of the continent and is where the continentdrops off to the deep ocean floor]
b. [A wedge of sediment that sits at the base of the continent onthe ocean floor]
c. [The flat and mostly submerged part of the continent]

6.) Where does the sediment that makes up the continental risecome from?
a. [Continents via Rivers] b. [From the Ocean Floor] c. [Volcanoes]d. [Hawaii]

7.) Which of the choices below is the term that is used to referto a remarkably flat, deep and fine sediment-covered ocean floorthat sits between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-oceanridge?
a. [Continental shelf]
b. [Guyot]
c. [Abyssal plain]
d. [Continental slope]

8.) When magma comes up to the surface along the mid-oceanridges of the world, it displaces the newly created rock above itto either side of the ridge. As this process continues over time,what age pattern does the ocean floor eventually exhibit?
a. [Rock will be older as you move away from the ridge]
b. [Rock will be younger as you move away from the ridge]
c. [The age of the rock will not change as you move away from theridge]

9.) Scientists know that new lithosphere is constantly beingcreated at the mid-ocean ridges. However, the Earth is not gettinglarger in size. This means that lithosphere is getting recycledelsewhere. Where does the majority of this older lithosphere endup? Choose the best answer below:
a. [It is assimilated into the mantle]
b. [It is assimilated into the asthenosphere]
c. [It is disintegrated at the plate boundary before itsubducts]
d. [The Earth actually is getting larger in size. Lithosphere isnot being recycled]

silvergrasshopper954

The major place where grantic continental crust is manufactured is

a. Over hot spots

b. In rift valleys

c. At convergent margins

d. It was apparently all produced billions of years ago and is not produced under the present conditions of Earth