ECO100Y5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Perfect Competition, Market Power, Demand Curve

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1 Nov 2017

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Market structure: all the features of a market that affect the behaviour and performance of firms in that market. Degree of product differentiation (pepsi v. coke) Firms have market power when they can influence the price of their product. Competitive markets: firms that have little or no market power. The more market power firms have, the less competitive is the market. Perfectly competitive markets: firms have zero market power. Many small wheat farmers; none of them can affect the price of wheat by supplying more or less. All firms sell a homogeneous (the same) product. Perfect information for consumers (they know the nature of the product being sold and the prices charged by each firm. Can alter output/sales and have no effect on prevailing market price. The demand curve for a perfectly competitive industry. This does not imply the firm can sell infinite quantity. Profit = tr (total revenue) - tc (total cost)

Related Questions

1. Which of the following is a firm in a perfectly competitive market?

1) a local corn farmer

2) the Tennessee Valley Authority, a large electricity producer that serves areas of five states

3) pizza delivery

4) a grocery store

5) Kate Spade, fashion designer

2. Compare a perfectly competitive market with a monopolistically competitive market.

The markup the firm charges in a monopolistically competitive market is ___________ the markup charged by a firm in a perfectly competitive market.

The firm's excess capacity in a monopolistically competitive market is ___________ the firm's excess capacity in a firm in a perfectly competitive market.

The efficiency of a monopolistically competitive market is ___________ the efficiency of a perfectly competitive market.

1)greater than; less than; greater than

2)greater than; greater than; less than

3)less than; less than; greater than

4)greater than; less than; equal to

3. In the long run, how is price related to marginal cost in both perfect competition and in monopolistic competition?

1) The long-run price is driven to marginal cost in both competitive markets and markets that are monopolistically competitive.

2 )Both markets can charge more than the marginal cost in the long run because products are differentiated in both markets.

3) Products are identical in perfectly competitive markets, so a firm must charge less than the marginal cost in order to differentiate itself. This is not true in monopolistically competitive markets where firms can charge more than marginal cost.

4) Because monopolistically competitive firms have market power, they set a price higher than marginal cost, while competitive firms cannot.

4. Titleist has an advertising slogan is "The #1 ball in golf" Consumers can also buy generic golf balls. The manufacturers of generic golf balls do not engage in any advertising. Assume that the average total cost of producing Titleist and generic golf balls is the same.

Which producer has a stronger incentive to maintain quality control in the production of golf balls?

1) Titleist

2) a manufacturer of generic golf balls

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The terms price maker, price setter, and price searcher are all meant to imply the same thing, which is

Select one:

a. firms operating in a perfectly competitive market have pricing power.

b. it is impossible for any firm to have pricing power.

c. a firm operating in any market but perfect competition that also determines the quantity it produces and the price at which it sells the products.

d. any firm can determine the price at which it sells a product, but no firm can determine the quantity it produces.

e. a price increase will likely drive every customer for the producer of this product to another product.

In monopoly,

Select one:

a. the number of firms is large.

b. there is ease of entry into the market and exit from the market.

c. the product has many good substitutes.

d. economic profits are zero in the long run.

e. None of these choices.

11-Short-run costs which increase and decrease as an output increases or decreases are called: a.Variable costs b.Secondary costs c.Derived costs d.Partial costs e.Potential costs 12.The addition to total cost resulting from the addition of the last unit of output is called the: a.Total variable cost b.Average variable cost c.Fixed cost d.Implicit cost e.Marginal cost 13.The fact that a single large factory may be more efficient than several smaller factories of the same total capacity is a reflection of: a.Increasing returns of scale. b.The law of diminishing marginal returns c.Comparative advantage d.The crowding-out effect e.Reproduction cost of assets 14.A possible reason for the existence of increasing return to scale is: a.The inability of a firm to increase all inputs proportionally b.Problems of coordination and control c.Higher input prices d.Larger fixed costs with a larger plant size. e.Greater specialization 15.The model of perfect competition is useful because: a.Most firms in the real world are perfectly competitive b.Perfectly competitive firms exert significant perfect competition. c.Government regulation is designed to eliminate perfect competition. d.It is a model of an ideal world which sheds much light on a market structureâs effects on resources allocation e.Advertising agencies are heavily dependent on the advertising dollars of perfectly competitive firms 16.A market consisting of many firms producing homogeneous products, having complete knowledge of relevant information, no power over the productâs market price, and low barriers to entry is characteristic of: a.Perfect competition b.Monopoly c.Monopolistic competition d.Oligopoly e.None of the above markets 17.A market consisting of many firms, low barriers to entry, some control over price, but considerable non-price competition is characteristic of: a.Perfect competition b.Monopoly c.Monopolistic competition d.Oligopoly e.None of the above. 18.A market consisting of a few firms producing similar products with significant barriers to entry is characteristic of: a.Perfect completion. b.Monopoly c.Monopolistic competition. d.Oligopoly e.None of the above

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ECO100Y5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Perfect Competition, Market Power, Demand Curve

ECO100Y5 Full Course Notes

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