GGR333H5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Salt Dome, Sound, Anticline
WEEK 8: OIL AND GAS
Chapter 8
• Oil and Gas tend to be found together (always moving)
• Petroleum: rock-oil
• Petroleum deposits arise from the decomposition of aquatic, mainly marine animals
and plant life successively buried under layers of soil
• Reservoir rock
• Caprock: impermeable seal that prevents oil and gas from seeping upward
• Geological traps: reduces lateral migration
• Structural Traps: anticline, fault trap, salt dome
Drake well (1859)
• First Modern oil adrilling Rig in Pennsylvania
• Sparked the first oil boom in the US
Oil Prospecting
• First historically detected through surface/underwater seepages (coming from the
ground)
• Surveying
• Gravimetric survey: density of rocks underneath. Can makes preeducated guesses
• Geomagnetic survey: magnetism of the rocks
• The presence of sedimentary rocks/beds (how old?)
• Seismic survey: sound survey
• Most accurate
• Sound wave and bounces back over the various layers
find more resources at oneclass.com
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Document Summary
Chapter 8: oil and gas tend to be found together (always moving, petroleum: rock-oil, petroleum deposits arise from the decomposition of aquatic, mainly marine animals and plant life successively buried under layers of soil. Reservoir rock: caprock: impermeable seal that prevents oil and gas from seeping upward, geological traps: reduces lateral migration, structural traps: anticline, fault trap, salt dome. Drake well (1859: first modern oil adrilling rig in pennsylvania, sparked the first oil boom in the us. Oil prospecting: first historically detected through surface/underwater seepages (coming from the ground, surveying. Sound wave and bounces back over the various layers. Oil drilling (as you go down, more intensive way to retrieve oil, more resources: primary recovery: oil reservoir under pressure. Very few of this method these days: secondary recovery: falling reservoir pressure, augmented with gas, steam and water to extract, tertiary recovery: enhanced oil recovery (eor), injecting steam, gas, and water into reservoirs to extract oil and gas.
