BIOA11H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Mucous Membrane, Clostridium, Blood Vessel
16 Oct 2017
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Lecture 8: genetically modi ed organisms concepts: gene expression and human cloning. Made using laboratory techniques to alter genetic traits in an organism (dna level changes) How and why they are modi ed to suit our needs. Pioneering genetic engineering: early 1980s: production of recombinant bovine growth hormone (rbgh, made by genetically engineered bacteria, bacterial dna was manipulated to carry instructions (genes) for making bgh, in cows, growth hormones increase body size and milk production. Protein synthesis: the process of using instructions carried by genes to build proteins: gene: a sequence of dna that encodes a protein, protein: a large molecule composed of amino acids, involves dna and rna with multiple steps. Dna: double-stranded, nucleotide subunit, deoxyribose, phosphate group, nitrogenous base, four bases: adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine. Rna: single-stranded, nucleotide subunit, ribose phosphate group nitrogenous base, four bases: adenine, thymine, guanine, and uracil.
