BIOB10H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Osmolyte, Photophosphorylation, Light-Independent Reactions
Document Summary
Originated as cyanobacteria that lived in symbiosis w/ eukaryotic cells. Similar photosynthetic machinery: photosynthetic membrane is identical. Can divide by binary fission: do not know what regulates their binary fission only know that cytosolic gtpases are required. Huge organelle the size of an rbc. Allow large molecules to get in and out. Variety of transporters, pumps and channels present. Stroma analogous to mitochondrial matrix (is similar to the mitochondrial matrix) The space w/i the chloroplast (enclosed by the inner envelope membrane) Contains many enzymes involved in carbohydrate synthesis. Contains many dna and ribosomes and protein translation factors. 90% of chloroplast proteins are imported into the organelle: post-translational import. Connect grana: required for ideal positioning of grana grana are equidistant from each other to get best light energy. Flattened membranous sacs w/ a 75 protein:25% lipid ratio (thylakoid membrane) Thylakoids are arranged in stacks called grana.
