BIOB10H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Thiol, Monosaccharide, Glycerol
21 Oct 2017
School
Department
Course
Professor
Document Summary
Long chains of carbon atoms used to construct biological linear, branched, or cyclic. Simplest group of biological molecules hydrocarbons. Hydrogen is often replaced by functional groups . They contain electronegative atoms (n, o, p, s) Can make molecules more polar or more reactive. May confer a positive or negative charge due to ionization. Common linkages between functional groups: ester bond, amide/peptide bond. Four types of biological macromolecules: carbohydrates (sugars) made from monosaccharide monomers, lipids made from fatty acids and glycerol monomers. : nucleic acids made from nucleotide monomers, proteins made from amino acid monomers. Important sugars in cell metabolism have 3-7 carbons. 3 sugars = trioses; 4 sugars = tetroses; 5 sugars = pentoses; 6 sugars = hexoses. In the sugar, each of the carbons link to hydroxyl groups (-oh) except one that bears a carbonyl group (c=o) If the carbonyl is internal, it is a ketose which is fructose.
