EESA10H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Exponential Growth, Overconsumption, Soil Retrogression And Degradation
5 Jul 2018
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LECTURE #11
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS TO SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
1. Children’s Environmental Health
2. Women’s health and environment
3. Workers and noise hazards
4. Elderly and environmental health
1. CHILDREN
-Different exposure patterns between children and adults
a) Limited diet of children
a. 3.4x more food in proportion to their body size than adults (some grains, fruits
and vegetables)
b. drink more water relative to their body weight
c. fewer types of food
d. large quantities of specific foods
e. also: HIV can transfer into kids from breast mild
b) Behaviour unique to children
a. Mouthing behaviour (2-6 touch their mouths about 9x per hour)
a.i. Can ingest: soil/paint/small object/infectious agents’/disinfection by-
products
a.i.1. Eg. magnets that kids swallowed caused enterocolitis
died
a.ii. Participation in certain athletics/risky activities
a.ii.1. Eg. construction sites, swimming, risky play, exposure to
sun, adolescents
c) How and where children spend their time
a. Spend more time indoor
b. Crawling and playing on the floor (Eg. dust, pollutants, etc)
c. Playing on the grass (eg. pesticides, skin infections eg. zoonosis; fungal
infections)
d) The impact of short stature
a. The breathing zone of the adults is 4-6ft above the floor or ground for
children, it is much lower
-Physiological differences between children and adults
oHigher metabolic rate
oMore active than adults
oDermal adsorption
Higher ratio of skin surface area to body weight, than adults skin is
more permeable (b/c keratin is not developed properly yet)
oGastrointestinal adsorption
Large surface area of intestines
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Document Summary
Environmental hazards to specific populations: children"s environmental health, women"s health and environment, workers and noise hazards, elderly and environmental health, children. Can ingest: soil/paint/small object/infectious agents"/disinfection by- products a. i. 1. Eg. magnets that kids swallowed caused enterocolitis died a. ii. Physiological differences between children and adults: higher metabolic rate, more active than adults, dermal adsorption. Higher ratio of skin surface area to body weight, than adults skin is more permeable (b/c keratin is not developed properly yet: gastrointestinal adsorption. Prolonged gastric emptying time (chemicals will stay in the stomach longer) Calcium-lead transport mechanism (kids have special mech. To absorb mechanism b/c ca2+ and lead/cadmium is similar, it can substitute calcium with those = not good) Lower stomach acidity (eg. metals are more bioavailable at more acidity, so children are slightly better off for this: respiratory adsorption. Greater blood flow to the brain and other organs.
