EESB16H3 Lecture Notes - Genetic Engineering, Glofish, Pipette
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Engineered tissue must be capable of development into adult: whether engineering occurs in sperm cell, fertilized eggs, or blastocysts (stem cells) They"re incorporated into genome through homologous recombination similar chromosomes switch parts of their chromosome with each other. Formation of mosaic animals is common, i. e. only some of the stem cells incorporate the dna and express it. Final adult is patchy: plasmid dna may be transiently expressed but is less efficiently incorporated. There"s only been limited success with salmon cells. Only a few teleost (bony fish) dna promoters have been identified: expression is also dependent on location of integration. Considerable portions of dna are not transcribed in somatic cells. Whole areas of genes are turned off because they are not useful in particular types of cells, especially nonspecialized cells (like stem cells) Retrovirus: any group of rna viruses that insert a dna copy of their genome into the host in order to replicate (like hiv)