GGRA30H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Arthur Hill Hassall, Khan Academy, Natural Experiment
Document Summary
Recap from last week: data- records of observations of phenomena, frequency, empirical evidence and scientific process, graphs and appropriate comparison of data. Causality: does a cause b, detecting cause will allow prediction of the effect, controlling the cause will control the effect. Correlation: are a and b correlated, does a tend to happen when b happens, correlation (two variables measured together in a setting) People assume that one of the variables causes another. Correlation study marriage and drug use (coolidge 2003, p. 15: correlation doesn"t mean causation we will come back to it later. Cholera epidemic: proof positive: 1848-49 london, cholera (a bacterial disease causing severe diarrhea and dehydration, second out of control epidemic in 1854, second out of control epidemic in 1854. Assumed causes of cholera (before the grand-experiment: unsanitary basements & urban poor, plague-pit theory (ulterior motive- bones dug up from plague victims from 200 years ago) & james holmes (slaughterhouse owner, bad/poisonous air.
