LINA01H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Cleft Sentence, Noam Chomsky, Pro-Form
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Recall : the nature of syntax: rules, hierarchical structure, recursion. Phrase structure (ps) rules: general rules for representing the internal structure of sentences: ex. A b (c: ps rules should generate all and only the grammatical sentences in the language, this model should undergenerate (miss some grammatical possibilities of sentences) or overgenerate (create ungrammatical sentences) Phrase structure (ps) trees: a tree diagram representing the internal structure of a specific sentence. Constituent: a syntactic unit in a ps tree. Category on the left expands to categories on the right. Relative order of categories is reflected in the rule: ex. The rules create certain structures and not others. Rule encode optionality: a category inside parentheses is optional, a category outside of parenthese is required, the order of elements will correspond to word order. A dominates b (because it is above in the tree structure) B and c are sisters (because they occupy the same level of the stree structure)
