PHLA10H3 Lecture 12: Knowledge and Justification + Descartes and Foundationalism
Document Summary
Knowledge belief and truth: necessary conditions of knowledge, not sufficient. To show this, we need a case where somebody believes something which is true, but they don"t know it: ex. Groundhog day: suppose john believes spring will be early because the groundhog did not see its shadow on feb 2nd and suppose this happened to be true this year: john does not know this. Generally speaking, sometimes when one comes to believe something by accident which happens to be true, we will have a case of true belief which is not knowledge: ex. Plato a liar who tells you something believing it is false but by accident it"s true. Something extra is needed besides truth and belief to derive knowledge this is justification: having good reasons for a belief. No; therefore evidential reasons (not necessarily based on argument - ex. We know some things directly such as pain) Can one err and still be justified? (yes in the moral realm)
