PHLA10H3 Lecture Notes - Donald Tsang, Circular Reasoning, Deductive Reasoning
14 Nov 2012
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In everyday life, we say that a statement is valid if it is plausible or true. But we never say that a statement or an idea is valid or invalid. Validity is a property of arguments and of arguments only. Donald tsang is the chief executive of the hong kong sar. So, donald tsang must be 35 years of age or older. (a valid argument that has false premises, and a true conclusion) The chief executive of the hong kong sar must be 35 years of age or older. Donald tsang must be 35 years of age or older. So, donald tsang is the chief executive of the hong kong sar. (an invalid argument that has false premises, and a true conclusion) This is invalid, with true premises and false conclusion: if not p, then not q. This is invalid, with true premises and false conclusion.
