PHLB09H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Modus Tollens, Modus Ponens, Divine Command Theory
Document Summary
Basic principles integral to moral theories: autonomy: person"s rational capacity for self-governance or self-determination; ability to direct one"s own life and choose for oneself; autonomous person"s have intrinsic worth; deception is a violation to this principle. Harm principle: a person"s autonomy may be curtailed to prevent harm to others (e. g. , quarantining the ill). Paternalism: overriding of a person"s actions or decision-making for her own good. Weak paternalism: thought to be morally permissible. E. g. , seriously depressed or psychotic patients are temporarily restrained to prevent themselves from injuring or killing themselves. Strong paternalism: thought to be morally objectionable. patient by telling her she"ll eventually get better: beneficence: we should do good to others and avoid doing them harm. E. g. , a physician tries to spare the feelings of a competent, terminally ill. Duty of nonmaleficence but not active beneficence. Active beneficence: we should actively advance the welfare of others and prevent or remove them from harm.
