PSYC14H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Enculturation, Developmental Psychology, Habituation
Developmentandsocialization
1. Howuniversalpredispositionsareshapedin
culturallyvariantways
2. Howpeople’sexperiencescometoinfluence
thewaytheythink
● Similaritiesanddifferencesincultural
experiences
○ Development
○ Parentingstyles
○ Culturalacquisition
Bornuniversal,developcultural
● Humaninfantsareuselesswhenthey’re
born,especiallywhencomparedto
nonhumanspecies(wholearnhowtowalk
withinminutesoftheirbirth)
● Theytookhatchlingsandexposedthemto
eitherapredatorshapedshadowora
nonpredatoryshape
○ Dothesechickshavethefixed
instinctstoresponddifferentlyto
thesetwoshapes?
■ YEP
■ Theyavoidedthepredator,
didn’treacttothe
nonpredator
Cultureandlanguage
● 150phonemes(unitsofsound)
○ Everyonehastheabilitytodiscern
betweenthesesoundsatbirth,but
asweacquireourownlanguage,
thenumberofphonemeswecan
discern,whittlesdown
● Eachlanguageuses70phonemes
● McGurkeffect
○ Guymouthing“BA”withaudioof
BA
○ Guymouthing“FA”withaudioofBA
■ WehearFA
○ Theillusionclasheswithwhatwe
arehearing
Languagedevelopment
Socialdevelopment
● Erikson’sstagesofpsychosocial
development
Cognitivedevelopment
● Piaget’sstagesofcognitivedevelopment
● VideoaboutPiaget
○ Kidinpreoperationalstage,2
equalsizedsticks,ladymovesone