ANT100Y1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Sickle-Cell Disease, Genetic Drift, Allele Frequency
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ANT100Y1 Full Course Notes
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Document Summary
Dna (deoxyribose nucleic acid) is the blueprint for amino acid chains that form proteins. Rna (ribose nucleic acid) is what regulates expressions in the body and makes the proteins through protein synthesis (transcription and translation). Proteins all have a specific function, they are what makes all the processes in your body happen. They are strings of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. Dna is a double helix with a sugar-phosphate backbone and base pairs (a, g, c, t). Dna is wound tightly around histones and arranged in an x" shape called a chromosome (where all genetic material is stored). In making proteins, the dna is unzipped and replicated using other base pairs and form a single stranded replica of rna, replacing the t"s with u"s. (transcription, forms mrna) The mrna leaves the nucleus and attaches to a ribosome (trna) that reads its codons (groups of three bases) and assembles the polypeptide chain of amino acids that becomes a protein.
