ANT100Y1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Tapetum Lucidum, Lorisoidea, Lemur
anthro lec 3 – primate behavior & ecology10/9/2015 12:05:00 AM
Primate Characteristics
• primates are mammals
• warm-blooded
• having hair
• feeding milk to young
• not pets or actors!
• primates differ from most mammals by having:
• grasping hands and feet
• collarbone (clavicle)
o allows for a full range of motion of upper body
• radius and ulna
• forward facing eyes and stereoscopic vision
Primate Activity Patterns
• nocturnal – active at night
• diurnal - active during day
• crepuscular – active at dawn & dusk
• cathemeral - active any time of day or night
Primate diets
• most primates eat a variety of fruits, insects, flowers, and leaves
• a few species specialize by eating mostly or only leaves, which take
special gut adaptations to digest, or insects
• generally, larger-bodied species can eat more leaves whereas smaller-
bodied species can eat more insects
Strepsirhine Characteristics
• dental tooth comb
• moist rhinarium
• unfused mandibular and frontal symphases
• tapetum lucidum – reflective eyes
• extra layer of reflective cells, magnified before it hits the retina, can
see better in the darkness
• postorbitol bar
• socket of bone outside the eye through which you can pass your
fingers
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• two superfamilies: lemuroidea and lorisoidea
Lemuroidea
• Madagascar and Comoro islands
• Arboreal quadrupeds and leapers; some are partially terrestrial
• many small-bodied species are nocturnal
• female dominance
• Varied diet
Lorisoidea
• found throughout sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia
• Lorises and galagos
• Arboreal quadrupeds
• Nocturnal
• Varied diet
Haplorhine Characteristics
• dry nose
• retinal fovea
• postorbitol closure
• fused mandibular and front symphases
Tarsiiformes
• one genius (Tarsius)
• found in Southeast Asia (e.g. Philippines)
• Small body size (80-130g_
• Relatively large eyes, with fused lower leg bones
• Entirely faunivorous
Platyrrhines (Neotropical Monkeys)
• Central and South America
• Body mass – 100g-11.4kg
• Cebidae, Atelidae, and Callitrichidae
• Prehensile tail in few species
• Most entirely arboreal
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
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Document Summary
Anthro lec 3 primate behavior & ecology10/9/2015 12:05:00 am. Primate activity patterns: nocturnal active at night, diurnal - active during day, crepuscular active at dawn & dusk, cathemeral - active any time of day or night. Lemuroidea: madagascar and comoro islands, arboreal quadrupeds and leapers; some are partially terrestrial, many small-bodied species are nocturnal, female dominance, varied diet. Lorisoidea: found throughout sub-saharan africa and southeast asia, lorises and galagos, arboreal quadrupeds, nocturnal, varied diet. Haplorhine characteristics: dry nose, retinal fovea, postorbitol closure, fused mandibular and front symphases. Tarsiiformes: one genius (tarsius, found in southeast asia (e. g. philippines, small body size (80-130g, relatively large eyes, with fused lower leg bones, entirely faunivorous. Platyrrhines (neotropical monkeys: central and south america, body mass 100g-11. 4kg, cebidae, atelidae, and callitrichidae, prehensile tail in few species, most entirely arboreal. Catarrhini (old world monkeys & apes: africa, asia, and southeast asia, body mass 1kg-175kg, cercopithecidae, hylobatidae, and hominidae, variety of diets, social organizations, and adaptations.
