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AST101H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: The Moons, Tidal Locking, Tidal Acceleration

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School
UTSG
Department
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Course
AST101H1
Professor
Michael Reid

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AST101H1 Full Course Notes
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AST101H1 Full Course Notes
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Document Summary

Ast101 lecture 7 gravity and orbits (part 2) The orbits of an object are most often ellipses. In our solar system, the sun occupies one focus of the elliptical orbits that surround it (i. e. all the planets, asteroids, comets that orbit the sun) First law determines the shape of an object"s orbit. Second law describes the variation of speeds of an object along its orbit. Third law compares how orbital size can affect the motion of an object in its orbit. Speed describes the rate at which an object is moving relative to the time. Velocity describes the rate at which an object is moving relative to the time and direction. Acceleration is the change in velocity due to a change in speed and/or change in direction. Momentum is the product of an object"s mass and velocity. Force is the exertion of energy on an object that will change the motion (or velocity) of an object.

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Related Questions

Object A collides on a horizontal frictionless surface with an initially stationary target, object X. The initial and final velocities of object A are shown. The final velocity of object X is not given.

a). At an instant during the collision, is the net force on object A zero or non-zero?

b) [During the collision, is the momentum of object A conserved? Explain. Is the momentum of the system consisting of objects A and X conserved? Explain. On the same horizontal surface, object C collides with an initially stationary target, object Z. The initial speeds of objects C and A are the same, and m_x = m_z > m_A = m_c. After the collisions, object C moves in the direction shown and has the same final speed as object A. In the space below, copy the vectors v_C1 and v_cr with their tails together. Use these vectors to draw the change in velocity vector for glider C, Delta v_c. Is the magnitude of the change in velocity vector of object A greater than, less than, or equal to the magnitude of the change in velocity vector of object C? Explain? Is the magnitude of the change in the momentum vector of object A greater than, less than, or equal to the magnitude of the change in the momentum vector of object C? Explain? Is the final speed of object X greater than, less than, or equal to the final speed of object Z? Explain. Consider the following incorrect statement: Gliders A and C have some change in momentum. They have the same mass, and because they have the same initial speed and same final speed. Delta-v is the same for each of.them." Discuss the error(s) in the reasoning.

Object A collides on a horizontal frictionless sur

This experiment involves centripetal force, the force that keeps objects moving in a circular path. This force is perpendicular to the motion and directed towards the center of the circular orbit. By Newton's Second Law when a centripetal force acts on a mass (in a horizontal plane), the force continually changes the direction of the velocity without changing its magnitude, speed. This change in the direction of the velocity accounts for the centripetal acceleration of the mass, whose direction is towards the center. The relationship between the centripetal force, the mass of the orbiting object, and its speed and distance from the center is described by:
EXTENSION QUESTION: When twirling the mass, students found that despite their best efforts, they could not swing the ball so that the cord remained exactly horizontal. 
(a) On the diagram of the rotating mass below, draw a force diagram of the forces acting on the mass and identify each force. Do not include any force components in this diagram. 
(b) Explain why it is not possible for the ball to swing so that the cord remains exactly horizontal. Write your answer using complete sentence
 

 

Introduction

This experiment involves centripetal force, the force that keeps objects moving in a circular path. This force is perpendicular to the motion and directed towards the centre of the circular orbit. By Newton's Second law when a centripetal force acts on a mass (in the horizontal plane), the force continually changes the direction of the velocity accounts for the centripetal acceleration of the mass, whose direction is towards the centre. The relationship between the centripetal force, the mass of the orbiting object, and its speed and distance from the centre are described by:

  

Extension Question:

When twirling the mass, students found that despite their best efforts, they could not swing the ball so that the cord remained exactly horizontal.

On the diagram of the rotating mass below, draw a force diagram of the force acting on the mass and identify each force. Don't include any force component in this diagram.