BIO120H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Descent Ii, Dnv Gl, Sony Ten
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BIO120H1 Full Course Notes
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Document Summary
The study of biodiversity and the evolutionary relationships among organisms: schools of taxonomy. Phenetics: classifying species based solely on overall resemblance. Cladistics: classifying species based on their phylogenetic relationships: phylogenetic tree, monophyletic group: a single ancestor gave rise to all species in that taxon and no species in any other taxon. Non-monophyletic group: a taxon whose members are derived from two or more ancestral forms, that are not common to all members. ***classification should be wherever possible based on monophyletic groups, in other words good classification seek monophyly: a critical step in the reconstruction of phylogenetic history is: the identification of ancestral and derived traits. Ancestral trait a trait shared with a common ancestor. Derived trait a trait that differs from the ancestral trait in a lineage: homology. Similarity of traits due to shared ancestry (inherited from common ancestors) Similarity of traits as a result of convergent evolution: convergent evolution.
