BIO120H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Metapopulation, Frequency Distribution, Multivariate Statistics

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12 Nov 2011

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Was native in prairies; rely on special habitat caterpillars survive only in prairie. Annual pulses of reproduction followed by heavy larval mortality: ecobeaker. Explicit spatial map of habitat with two types of vegetation, prairie and farm. Butterflies undergo annual cycles of reproduction, then disperse across habitat. Butterflies must discover prairie or will die without reproducing. Tailing piles from hard-rock mining create many small replicated parches of pika habitat. % patch occupancy (1972-1991: north: high,stable,anchored by big reservoirs, middle: low, no reservoirs; extinction/renewal, south: marginal, in decline. Deterministic: outcomes can be predict with certainty. Stochastic: resulting from chance events: ex: probability of getting from age 0 to age 1 is 0. 5. Outcome: 100 newborns x 0. 5 = 50 one-year old. Consider each newborn individually, flip a coin to see whether it survives or dies; repeat many times. Outcome: get a frequency distribution of # survivors; average = 50, but each.

Related Questions

12. X = a 50-year span of time Y = in the Ecobeaker demo on the Fender's Blue butterfly, the number of butterflies produced annually in the conditions that prevailed before agricultural settlement

Suppose eye color in sulfur butterflies is a monogenic trait, that the allele for yellow eyes is dominant to the allele for blue eyes, that a new species of dragonfly has just arrived in the habitat, that these dragonflies kill 100% of blue-eyed butterflies before they mate but ignore yellow-eyed butterflies, and that the butterfly population starts at HWE with initial allele frequencies of p = 0.2 and q = 0.8.

What will be the change in the frequency of the blue-eyed allele during the first generation after dragonflies arrive in this habitat? Enter your answer in the blank space. Use 3 decimal places in your answer, and be sure to indicate the direction of change (+ or -).

1. Imagine you are doing a summer internship as a research assistant at Mountain Lake Biological Station in Virginia. During your internship you observe two distinct species of butterflies in the area. They have similar body shapes and they both drink nectar. But their color patterns are different; one is bright green and one is dark green. You further observe that their habitat ranges overlap, but are distinct in that the dark green butterfly prefers shady, cool forest interiors while the bright green butterfly prefers sunny meadows. Both species are camouflaged well in their respective habitats. You have seen both species preyed upon by birds. Finally, the population size of the two species is about equal. Based on the information given, was the evolution of these two species of butterflies more likely due to natural selection or genetic drift? Write an answer in which you concisely define both mechanisms, state which evolutionary mechanism is more likely and logically explain why.

2. You are studying a population of cheetahs and discover that across most loci you find fewer heterozygotes than expected and more homozygotes. What are two possible explanations of this result? What impact might this have on population fitness? This answer can be brief, not a long essay.

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BIO120H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Metapopulation, Frequency Distribution, Multivariate Statistics

BIO120H1 Full Course Notes

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