BIO130H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Chloroplast, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Invagination
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BIO130H1 Full Course Notes
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Lecture #2 (notes): introduction to cells, diversity and nucleic acids. Endosymbiont theory: origins of the mitochondrion (slide # 31) Earlier in time we had anaerobic , heterotrophic prokaryotes (no membrane bound organelles that needed to find food from the environment, no source of oxygen) Once oxygen was introduced into the environment, aerobic prokaryotes were then introduced. Heterotrophic anaerobic prokaryote (through the process of phagocytosis) engulfed the aerobic prokaryote (bacterium) This bacterium stays in the host cell; the host membrane encapsulates the bacterium in a membrane. The bacterium provided energy for the host as they were able to convert compounds such as oxygen to atp. The host provided nourishment and protection to the bacterium. Over evolutionary time; the bacterium evolved into a mitochondrion (double membrane system) Invagination of plasma membrane eventually developing the nucleus (primitive eukaryotic cell. The primitive eukaryotic cell engulfs the photosynthetic cyanobacterium. Evolved into chloroplast (also has double membrane system)
