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CSC108H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Precondition, System On A Chip

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School
UTSG
Department
Computer Science
Course
CSC108H1
Professor
J Smith

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CSC108H1 Full Course Notes
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CSC108H1 Full Course Notes
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Document Summary

For example, here is a list of three grades: grades = [80, 90, 70] Like strings, lists can be indexed (this return the element in the list): Lists can also be sliced, using the same notation as for strings (return a sliced list): For example, here are some calls to those built-in functions: For example, here is a list of str: subjects = ["bio", "cs", "math", "history"] Lists can also contain elements of more than one type. For example, a street address can be represented by a list of [int, str]: street_address = [10, "main street"] for loops over list. Similar to looping over the characters of a string, it is possible to iterate over the elements of a list. The general form of a for loop over a list is: for variable in list: body list methods. The table below contains methods that modify lists. Append the items in the list parameter to the list. list. pop([index])

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Related Questions

1.Write a function encipher(s, n) that takes as inputs an arbitrary string s and a non-negative integer n between 0 and 25, and that returns a new string in which the letters in s have been "rotated" by n characters forward in the alphabet, wrapping around as needed. For example:

>>> encipher('hello', 1) result: 'ifmmp'

>>> encipher('hello', 2) result: 'jgnnq'

>>> encipher('hello', 4) result: 'lipps'

Upper-case letters should be "rotated" to upper-case letters, even if you need to wrap around. For example:

>>> encipher('XYZ', 3)

result: 'ABC'

Lower-case letters should be "rotated" to lower-case letters:

>>> encipher('xyz', 3)

result: 'abc'

Non-alphabetic characters should be left unchanged:

>>> encipher('#caesar!', 2)

result: '#ecguct!'

Ā 

Hints/reminders:

You can use the built-in functions ord and chr convert from single-character strings to integers and back:

>>> ord('a')

result: 97

>>> chr(97)

result: 'a'

You can use the following test to determine if a character is between 'a' and 'z' in the alphabet:

if 'a' <= c <= 'z':

A similar test will work for upper-case letters.

We recommend writing a helper function rot(c, n) that rotates a single character c forward by n spots in the alphabet. We have given you a template for this helper function in ps3pr3.py that checks to ensure that c is a single-character string. We wrote rot13(c) in lecture; rot(c, n) will beĀ veryĀ close to rot13(c)! You can test your rot(c, n) as follows:

>>> rot('a', 1)

result: 'b'

>>> rot('y', 2)

result: 'a'

>>> rot('A', 3)

result: 'D'

>>> rot('Y', 3)

result: 'B'

>>> rot('!', 4)

result: '!'

Once you have rot(c, n), you can write a recursive encipher function.

Once you think you have everything working, here are three more examples to try:

>>> encipher('xyza', 1)

result: 'yzab'

>>> encipher('Z A', 2)

result: 'B C'

>>> encipher('Caesar cipher? I prefer Caesar salad.', 25)

result: 'Bzdrzq bhogdq? H oqdedq Bzdrzq rzkzc.'

Ā 

2.Write a function decipher(s) that takes as input an arbitrary string s that has already been enciphered by having its characters "rotated" by some amount (possibly 0). decipher should return, to the best of its ability, theĀ originalĀ English string, which will be some rotation (possibly 0) of the input string s. For example:

>>> decipher('Bzdrzq bhogdq? H oqdedq Bzdrzq rzkzc.')

result: 'Caesar cipher? I prefer Caesar salad.'

Here are two more examples:

>>> decipher('Hu lkbjhapvu pz doha ylthpuz hmaly dl mvynla lclyfaopun dl ohcl slhyulk.')

result: 'An education is what remains after we forget everything we have learned.'

>>> decipher('python')

result: 'eniwdc'

------------------------------------

def rot(c, n):
Ā  Ā  """ your docstring goes here """
Ā  Ā  # check to ensure that c is a single character
Ā  Ā  assert(type(c) == str and len(c) == 1)

def letter_prob(c):
Ā  Ā  """ if c is the space character (' ') or an alphabetic character,
Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  returns c's monogram probability (for English);
Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  returns 1.0 for any other character.
Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  adapted from:
Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā 
Ā  Ā  """
Ā  Ā  # check to ensure that c is a single character Ā Ā 
Ā  Ā  assert(type(c) == str and len(c) == 1)

Ā  Ā  if c == ' ': return 0.1904
Ā  Ā  if c == 'e' or c == 'E': return 0.1017
Ā  Ā  if c == 't' or c == 'T': return 0.0737
Ā  Ā  if c == 'a' or c == 'A': return 0.0661
Ā  Ā  if c == 'o' or c == 'O': return 0.0610
Ā  Ā  if c == 'i' or c == 'I': return 0.0562
Ā  Ā  if c == 'n' or c == 'N': return 0.0557
Ā  Ā  if c == 'h' or c == 'H': return 0.0542
Ā  Ā  if c == 's' or c == 'S': return 0.0508
Ā  Ā  if c == 'r' or c == 'R': return 0.0458
Ā  Ā  if c == 'd' or c == 'D': return 0.0369
Ā  Ā  if c == 'l' or c == 'L': return 0.0325
Ā  Ā  if c == 'u' or c == 'U': return 0.0228
Ā  Ā  if c == 'm' or c == 'M': return 0.0205
Ā  Ā  if c == 'c' or c == 'C': return 0.0192
Ā  Ā  if c == 'w' or c == 'W': return 0.0190
Ā  Ā  if c == 'f' or c == 'F': return 0.0175
Ā  Ā  if c == 'y' or c == 'Y': return 0.0165
Ā  Ā  if c == 'g' or c == 'G': return 0.0161
Ā  Ā  if c == 'p' or c == 'P': return 0.0131
Ā  Ā  if c == 'b' or c == 'B': return 0.0115
Ā  Ā  if c == 'v' or c == 'V': return 0.0088
Ā  Ā  if c == 'k' or c == 'K': return 0.0066
Ā  Ā  if c == 'x' or c == 'X': return 0.0014
Ā  Ā  if c == 'j' or c == 'J': return 0.0008
Ā  Ā  if c == 'q' or c == 'Q': return 0.0008
Ā  Ā  if c == 'z' or c == 'Z': return 0.0005
Ā  Ā  return 1.0

1.Create a list that contains 10 successive integers starting with the value in the variable start. For example, ifĀ startĀ is 7, the resulting list should be [7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16]. Store the list in a variable namedĀ my_list. Assume that the value ofĀ startĀ has already been set.
Ā 
2.Create a list that is made up of the first half of the elements of a list called original_list. Store the new list in a variable calledĀ half_list. Assume that the original list has already been initialized and contains an even number of elements.
Ā 
Ā 
3. Write a predicate function called same_endsĀ that accepts a list of integers and an integer (n) as arguments. ReturnĀ TrueĀ if the first n numbers in the list are the same as the last n numbers in the list, andĀ FalseĀ otherwise. For example, if the list was [1, 2, 3, 4, 99, 1, 2, 3, 4], the function would returnĀ TrueĀ if n is 4 andĀ FalseĀ if n is 3. Assume that n is between 1 and the length of the list, inclusive.
Ā 
4.Write a function calledĀ highest_valuesĀ that accepts as arguments a list of numeric values and a single integer (n). The function should return a list made up of the largest n values from the argument list in order from lowest to highest. For example, if the argument list is [46, 82, 25, 61, 70, 33, 54] and n is 3, the return value should be [61, 70, 82]. Assume that the argument list contains at least n elements.
Ā 
5.Assume that a list of integers stored in a variable named originalĀ contains exactly two elements that are zero. Write code that creates a separate list that contains the elements fromĀ originalĀ that are between the two zeros. Do not include the zeros in the new list. Store the list in a variable namedĀ between_zeros.
Ā 
6. Write a function called price_rangeĀ that accepts a list of floating-point numbers representing prices as an argument and returns the the difference between the highest price and the lowest price. Do NOT use the built-in functionsĀ maxĀ orĀ minĀ in your solution. Assume that all prices are positive values and that none of them exceed 10,000.00.
Ā 
7. Write a function calledĀ count_vowelsĀ that accepts a string argument that represents a word and returns the number of vowels that are in the word. The vowels are A, E, I, O, and U (ignore the 'sometimes Y' rule). Count both uppercase and lowercase vowels.
Ā 
8.
Assume that the variableĀ tableĀ holds a two-dimensional list of integers. Write code that computes the sum of all elements in the table, assigning the result to the variableĀ table_sum.

Ā 

  1. Given the following main program

    #main
    a = [5,2,9,6,3] doubleList(a) print a

    Implement the function named doubleList that takes one list argument and modifies the list so that each element in the list is doubled. The statement print(a) in the main program will then have to print [10,4,18,12,6]

  2. Given the following main program

    #main
    a = [5,2,9,6,3]
    b = reversedList(a) print b
    print a

    Implement the function named reversedList that takes one list argument and returns a list that contains the elements in the list argument in reverse order. The statement print(b) in the main program will then have to print [3,6,9,2,5]. The statement print(a) must print the original list [5,2,9,6,3] unaffected. This means your function should not modify the list argument.

  3. Given the following main program

    #main
    a = [5,2,9,6,3] reverseList(a) print a

    Implement the function named reverseList that takes one list argument and reverses the list so that the modified list contains the same elements in reverse order. The statement print(a) in the main program will then have to print [3,6,9,2,5]

  4. What is the return value of the functions doubleList, reversedList and reverseList in questions 1, 2, and 3 above?

  1. Given the following main program

    #main
    a = [5,2,9,6,3]
    b = evenElements(a) print b

    Implement the function named evenElements that takes one list argument and returns a list that contains the elements in the list argument that are even integers. The statement print(b) in the main program will then have to print [2,6]. What is the return value of the function? Your function should not modify the list argument.

  2. Given the following main program

    #main
    a = [5, 2, 9, 6, 3, 7, 19, 4, 8, 17, 21, 20, 15] removeOddElements(a)
    print a

    Implement the function named removeOddElements that takes one list argument and modifies the list so that all odd integers in the list are removed. The statement print(a) in the main program will then have to print [2,6,4,8,20]. What is the return value of the function?

  3. Part A
    #Main program A=[5,8,2,0,-5,3] n=-5
    answer = isFound(A, n) if answer == True:

    print "The integer is found in the list" else:

    print "The integer is not found in the list."

    Consider the main program shown above. Write a Python function named isFound that takes a list of integers and an integer as arguments and returns True if the integer is found in the list; otherwise it returns False.

    Remark: You are NOT allowed to use the in operator or any other built in function when you write this function. Instead, you must write a loop to go through the elements of the list.

    Part B

    Give the following main program

page2image58001280 page2image58001664

#main
A = [5,2,9,6,3]
B = [2,4,3,9,7,1,6,5]
flag = isList1InList2(A, B) if flag:

print "The list", A, "is contained in the list", B else:

print "The list", A, "is not contained in the list", B

Implement the function named isList1InList2 that takes two list arguments and returns True if and only if each element of the first list argument are found in the second list argument; otherwise it returns False.

Remark: You are NOT allowed to use the in operator or any other built in function when you write this function. Instead, if you wish, you can use the function you wrote in Part A.

For the lists shown in the main program, your function must return True because each element of list A is found in list B.

  1. A given List is known as Palindrome List if the reverse of the List contains the same elements in the same order of the original List. For example the List of integers [2, 5, 0, 3, 3, 0, 5, 2] is a Palindrome because the reverse of the List which is [2, 5, 0, 3, 3, 0, 5, 2] contains the same elements in the same order as the given List. However the List [1, 2, '2', 1] is not Palindrome because its reverse which is [1, '2', 2, 1] does not contain the same elements in the same order as the given List.

    Write a Python function named isPalindrome that takes a List as argument and returns True if the argument is a Palindrome List; otherwise it returns False. You don't need to write the main program; just write the function. If you would like to test your function, then it is ok to write the main program too but you will not get any mark for the main program.

  2. Given your function in question #7 above, what is the output of the following code: a=[]

    b = [5,2,9,6,3]

    print isList1InList2(a,b)

  3. Given your function in question #7 above, what is the output of the following code:

    a=[]
    b=[]
    print isList1InList2(a,b)

  4. Given your function in question #7 above, what is the output of the following code: a = [5,2,9,6,3]

    b=[]

print isList1InList2(a,b)

  1. Given the following main program

    #main
    a=[]
    n = readListElements(a)
    print "The user entered", n, "elements to the list" print a

    Implement the function named readListElements that takes one list argument and modifies the list by repeatedly asking the user to enter integer values and then appending them to the list. The process stops when the user enters -1000. The stopping value -1000 should not be appended to the list. Moreover your function must count the appended elements and return it. Example if the user enters the integers 31, -4, 9, 1,-1000 then your function must modify the list a to a = [31, -4, 9, 1] and return the number elements added which is 4.

  2. Write a function named createRandomList that takes an integer argument n and returns a list with n elements. The elements must be random numbers in the range [0,100]

  3. Given the following main program:

    #main

       n = int(input("How many elements do you want in your list? "))
   a = createList(n)
   s1 = sumOfElementsAtEvenIndexes(a)
   print s1

       s2 = sumOfElementsAtOddIndexes(a)
   print s2
   s3 = sumOfAllElements1(a)
   print s3

       s4 = sumOfEvenElements(a)
   print s4
   s5 = sumOfOddElements(a)
   print s5

       s6 = sumOfAllElements2(a)
   print s6
   if (s3 != s6):

             print "Something is wrong in your program."
   else:

             print "Looks like you have done a good job."

    Implement the functions as follows:

  • Ā createList: returns a list object with n elements. The elements are generated randomly so that each element is in the range [15,45]

  • sumOfElementsAtEvenIndexes: returns the sum of the elements at even indexes. Use a for loop or a while loop.

  • sumOfElementsAtOddIndexes: returns the sum of the elements at odd indexes. Use a for loop or a while loop.

  • sumOfAllElements_A: returns the sum of all the elements in the list using the functionssumOfElementsAtEvenIndexes and sumOfElementsAtOddIndexes. Here you are NOT allowed to use any loop; instead make function calls as described.

  • sumOfEvenElements: returns the sum of the even integer elements in the list. Use a for loop or a while loop.

  • sumOfOddElements: returns the sum of the odd integer elements in the list. Use a for loop or a while loop.

  • sumOfAllElementsB: returns the sum of all the elements in the list using the functions sumOfEvenElements and sumOfOddElements. Here you are NOT allowed to use any loop; instead make function calls as described.

17. Most data compression algorithms like winzip, gzip, lzip and etc are based on the frequency distribution of characters in a given string. Write a function named getFreqDistribution that takes a string argument and returns a LIST that has length 26 such that the first element of the list is the number of appearance of 'a' or 'A' in the string, the second element is number of appearance of 'b' or 'B', and so on so forth.

I'm studying python 2 and have a lot of troubles with solving these homework questions.