EAS245H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Japanese Language, Golden Light Sutra, Patrilineality

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rosewalrus493

28 Oct 2012

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Usually translated as emperor which emphasizes a chinese model. Japanese emperorship developed by the end of the 7th c. emperors are involved with sacred rituals. Quasi-religious functions/authority rather than real power emperors are not looked upon for political or military authority (symbolically the head of state that possesses religious authority) Modern emperorship in the late 19th c. , drew upon european models/monarchy. Covering that it was modeled upon european monarchy by giving it a single, unbroken dynasty. Pre-historic periodization (1) jomon (10, 000 bc 300 bc) hunter-gatherer (2) yayoi (300 bc 250 ad) more settled, agriculturalists, more advance ceramics; yoshinogari reconstructed. How to become an emperor (1) subdue your rivals. Ritual/military ruling pairs (3rd-5th c. : attested to by evidence from: (i) archaeology (ii) chinese sources (iii) examples from the kojiki. Consolidation of state of yamato as it conquer and subdue its rivals: five kings of wa (5th c. ) The ruling pairs give way to more explicitly military rulers in 5th c.

Related Questions

A decentralized organization is one in which:

a. each stockholder is given decision-making authority.

b. only top-level management is given decision-makingauthority.

c. each employee in the organization is given permission to makedecisions about their company.

d. managers at various levels throughout the organization aregiven decision-making authority.

A local chain department store grants each of its store managersthe authority to make buying decisions for their stores. Grantingmanagers this kind of authority is found in which type oforganization?

a. Desegmented

b. Centralized

c. Segmented

d. Decentralized

A local chain electronics store does not allow its store ordistrict managers to make important decisions about their stores.The main role of store managers is to supervise employees and makesure day-to-day transactions run smoothly while district managerssupervise store managers and report profitability data back totop-level management. Not allowing store or district managersdecision-making authority is most likely to be found in which typeof organization?

a. Centralized

b. Desegmented

c. Segmented

d. Decentralized

When a few individuals at the top of an organization retaindecision-making authority, the organization is referred to asa(n):

a. investment center.

b. centralized organization.

c. decentralized organization.

d. profit center.

Which of the following statements regarding the structure oforganizations is false?

a. In a decentralized organization, decision-making authority isconfined to top-level management.

b. Decentralization may make it difficult for managers to shareunique and innovative ideas.

c. When decision-making authority is spread among too manymanagers, managers may become so concerned with their own area ofresponsibility that they lose sight of the company's overallfocus.

d. In a decentralized organization, there may be a lack ofcoordination and communication between segments.

Which of the following is an advantage of decentralization?

a. It allows top-level management who normally work at corporateheadquarters to get involved with the day-to-day decisions thatneed to be made at lower levels.

b. It allows managers to focus on their own area ofresponsibility rather than what is best for the company as awhole.

c. It requires very little as far as manager training costs.

d. It allows decisions to be made in a more timely manner.

Which of the following is not an advantage ofdecentralization?

a. It allows lower-level managers to focus on their ownparticular goals and objectives without having to consider theoverall company's goals and objectives.

b. It allows top-level managers more time to devote tolong-range strategic planning.

c. It permits lower-level managers to gain valuable on-the-jobtraining in order to become better managers.

d. It often creates higher job satisfaction for managers.

Which of the following is often not a disadvantage ofdecentralization?

a. Lack of coordination and communication between segments.

b. Higher training costs for lower-level managers.

c. Lack of company focus as lower-level managers may makedecisions that benefit their own particular segment.

d. Decreased job satisfaction for lower-level managers.

Which of the following is a disadvantage ofdecentralization?

a. Lower training costs for lower-level managers.

b. Less timely decisions are able to be made on a day-to-daybasis.

c. Decreased job satisfaction for lower-level managers.

d. Lack of coordination and communication between segments.

"Responsibility accounting" is the concept that says:

a. managers should be responsible for both revenues and costs oftheir particular segment.

b. managers should be held entirely responsible for allinvestment decisions that impact the particular segment in whichthey are in charge.

c. managers should be held responsible for only those thingsunder their control.

d. managers should never be held entirely responsible for thingsthat happen within the particular segment in which they are incharge.

A budget for a single unit of a product or service is called asa:

a. real cost.

b. fixed cost.

c. total cost.

d. standard cost.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the budgetedcost for direct materials?

a. It must be determined after materials are purchased for theyear.

b. It can not be determined if a company uses a just-in-timeinventory system.

c. It would consist of two components - a standard quantity anda standard price.

d. It would be used on a static budget but not a flexiblebudget.

Variance analysis compares:

a. standard costs and actual costs.

b. static budgets and flexible budgets.

c. product costs and period costs.

d. practical standards and ideal standards.

Which of the following statements is false regarding taskanalysis?

a. It uses actual historical data in the determination ofstandard costs.

b. It emphasizes what it should cost to produce a product ratherthan historical costs.

c. It examines the production process in detail.

d. It may involve the use of engineers.

Task analysis:

a. is used to set standard costs.

b. is used to determine the tasks that production employeesshould complete on a daily basis.

c. is used to evaluate employee performance.

d. emphasizes the historical costs of a product.

A(n) ____ is attainable only when near-perfect conditionsexist.

a. static budget

b. ideal standard

c. flexible budget

d. practical standard

In most companies, machines break down occasionally andemployees are often less than perfect. Which type of standardacknowledges these characteristics when determining the standardcost of a product?

a. Practical standard

b. Ideal standard

c. Efficiency standard

d. Budgeted standard

Hathaway Inc. produces and sells golf umbrellas to localresorts. Hathaway anticipates April to be a busy month with thesale of 2,000 umbrellas. The company has prepared the followingstatic budget for April:

Sales revenue (2,000 units)	$60,000
Variable costs:
Direct materials	6,000
Direct labor	8,000
Overhead	2,500
Fixed costs	6,000
Net operating income	$37,500

During April, Hathaway actually produced and sold 2,300 umbrellas.What should be Hathaway's net operating income in April based on aflexible budget?

a. $35,025

b. $43,125

c. $44,025

d. $37,500

Hoppe Inc. manufactures widgets. Management has determined thateach widget has a standard materials cost of $3.50 when 2.5 ouncesof raw material at a cost of $1.40 per ounce are used. The staticbudget for the month of December showed an estimated production of4,000 widgets in December. During December, 4,300 widgets wereactually produced. The actual cost for each widget was $3.60 when2.25 ounces of raw material at a cost of $1.60 per ounce werepurchased and used. What should be the total direct materials costaccording to Hoppe's flexible budget for December?

a. $14,000

b. $15,480

c. $14,400

d. $15,050

Violetta Inc. manufactures plastic storage boxes. Management hasdetermined that each medium-sized box has a standard materials costof $1.20 when 4 pounds of raw material at a cost of $.30 per poundare used. The static budget for the month of March showed anestimated production of 15,000 boxes in March. During March, 17,000boxes were actually produced. The actual cost for each box was$1.56 when 3.9 pounds of raw material at a cost of $.40 per poundwere purchased and used. What should be the total direct materialscost according to Violetta's flexible budget for March?

a. $26,520

b. $23,400

c. $18,000

d. $20,400

__________ is the degree to which the authority to make decisions is delegated to lower levels in an organization's hierarchy.

	A.	Span of control
	B.	Distribution
	C.	Decentralization
	D.	Centralization
	E.	Bureaucracy

Which statement does NOT provide an accurate characterization of committees?

	A.	Managers are often assigned to numerous committees to improve coordination across departments.
	B.	Committees can help managers whose units must work together to adjust schedules, workloads, and work assignments in order to increase productivity.
	C.	Committees can be effective in communicating complex qualitative information.
	D.	Committees can become an effective personal mechanism for mutual adjustment across unit heads.
	E.	Committees are generally inexpensive and have a very good reputation.

Systems of rites are called __________.

	A.	rituals
	B.	artifacts
	C.	sagas
	D.	rules
	E.	routines

3 points

Question 43

The capacity or willingness to follow a leader is called:

	A.	leadership.
	B.	followership.
	C.	co-leadership.
	D.	equivalence.
	E.	trust .

As the diversity of opinion, values and meaning in an organization narrows, it becomes much less vulnerable to external change and more able to capitalize on external opportunities.

True

False

Followers contribute to the leadership process by 1) granting claims to leaders and 2)

	A.	claiming their own roles as followers.
	B.	motivating their leaders.
	C.	acting on a leader's instructions.
	D.	getting to know their leaders.
	E.	granting leaders permission to lead.

3 points

Question 38

Jason is appointed to position of formal authority in his organization. Of the following, which is expected to be exerted by Jason?

	A.	Followership
	B.	Formal leadership
	C.	Romance of leadership
	D.	Equivalence
	E.	Informal leadership

business law

QUESTION 18

Partnership property:

	a.	is always personal property.
	b.	is owned by the partners as tenants in partnership.
	c.	can be pledged to a partner's personal creditor.
	d.	all of the above

3.572 points

QUESTION 19

Under apparent authority:

	a.	a principal is never liable for the acts of an agent.
	b.	a principal is liable for creating the appearance of an agency relationship.
	c.	there is no agency relationship.
	d.	none of the above

3.572 points

QUESTION 20

Religious discrimination is lawful if:

	a.	a church is looking for a pastor.
	b.	the person's religion prevented them from working a certain shift.
	c.	the religious beliefs will interfere with effective work.
	d.	none of the above

3.572 points

QUESTION 21

The business judgment rule holds directors liable for:

	a.	errors in business judgment.
	b.	their mistakes.
	c.	failure to obtain necessary information for making decisions.
	d.	none of the above

3.572 points

QUESTION 22

OSHAâs enforcement powers include:

	a.	Research
	b.	Investigations
	c.	Record-keeping requirements
	d.	All of these answers

3.572 points

QUESTION 23

Which is not an example of an independent contractor relationship?

	a.	master/servant
	b.	lawyer/client
	c.	accountant/client
	d.	All of the above are not independent contractors.

3.572 points

QUESTION 24

The Americans with Disabilities Act:

	a.	applies to all employers.
	b.	limits the impact of the Rehabilitation Act.
	c.	applies only to government contractors.
	d.	prohibits the use of tests that screen out handicapped workers.

3.572 points

QUESTION 25

Under workersâ compensation:

	a.	the employee loses the right to sue the employer for covered incidents.
	b.	employee fault controls compensation.
	c.	injuries by other employees are not covered.
	d.	None of these

3.572 points

QUESTION 26

Which of the following is not one of the benefits provided by workersâ compensation:

	a.	Hospital and medical expenses
	b.	Full wages
	c.	Partial wages
	d.	Death benefits

3.572 points

QUESTION 27

A partnership by estoppel:

	a.	is the same as a partnership by implication.
	b.	results when third parties are led to believe a partnership exists.
	c.	is the same as a joint venture.
	d.	none of the above

3.572 points

QUESTION 28

A shareholder proxy is:

	a.	good until revoked.
	b.	not subject to any securities laws.
	c.	a transfer of a right to vote.
	d.	none of the above

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EAS245H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Japanese Language, Golden Light Sutra, Patrilineality

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