HIS109Y1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Calvinism, Long Parliament, Military Elite
28/10/2015
Lecture 11
JAMES I (1603-1625)
CHARLES I (1625-1649)
OLIVER CROMWELL (1599-1658)
CHARLES II (1660-1685)
JAMES II (1685-1688)
• Revolution begun by Martin Luther
• One part English Civil War
Resulted in many deaths
Destroyed many parliamentary traditions
Part of the set of confessional conflicts
• Elizabeth I
maintained a settlement that was very successful during her lifetime (religion,
etc.)
Calvinist model failed, Elizabeth compromised (managed to keep everyone
content during her lifetime)
Was very good at her job
• English monarchy was seen with a sense of unity
• People saw themselves in opposition to Elizabeth
• Great changes taking place in England
• Development of gun- and sea-power
• Role of nobility was declining considerably—no longer military elite
• Did’t want to return to the Wars of the roses
• Chief ministers were middle-class—had earned their positions through service
• People depended completely on the favour of the crown for influence—suited Elizabeth
well, meant she had power
• Parliament established central position of House of Commons in England (created the
church of England and altered the society—not the House of Lords)
• Legislation was of central importance to the kingdom—all had to be approved by the
HOC (debates would take place)
• Structure of English society was changing nobility declining (ould’t opete ith
themselves or continental nobility), land-holding elite with fixed incomes, labour
services (peasants turned into peasant farmers)
• Nobility tried to outshine each other—spent more than they had
• English nobility languished under Elizabeth—fewer than 60 titles by death (nobility she
did have were basically her servants—she used people)
• So, the middle class grew hugely and was a new source of power and energy
• Some ppl were making huge fortunes and buying more land
• Nobles were defined by the way they acted legally
• Gentry could increase their wealth and influence by investing, without losing their status
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28/10/2015
• Noles ould’t delier the ay used to
• 16th century saw the beginnings of Eglad’s eratile ad oerial epire
international colonies
• Markets began to grow, capital began to accumulate in the north and especially London
• Loans for people who wanted to buy more land
• Experiments were dramatic (merchant companies dealing with Russia and the Baltics
were formed, etc.)
• Industries such as mining
• Overseas expansion brought greater wealth
• Belief in education and self-improvement increased
• Achieving of goals, etc.
• What would the new nation look life?
Any force that stood in the way was wrong/negative
Gentry proved them wrong
Believed it was their responsibility to determine the future
Religion became a dangerous factor
• Changes that people were willing to accept
• Elizabeth was a religious conservative—created the Anglican church as a consequence
of the 1559 settlement
• Classes in England wanted more complete break from Rome, no structure and paid
Priests, simple religion (Priest of all religions), hard work and education should be
rewarded, etc.
• But Elizabeth was queen and head of the church so she insisted and became the model
of English and Anglican faith
• It was a reformation that was Calvinist in nature, revolutionary by design
• Intent on making England different
• This left wing group, revolutionary perspective of altering English society were called
Puritans
• Wanted a pure church
• Theologically Calvinists, many had taken leave from calvin or Geneva
• Wanted absolute reform of English confessional belief
• Elizaeth ated sae hurh, they did’t
• Two faced off
• Natural arena was parliament, especially house of commons
Gentry dominated
This group was full of religious zeal
Fired with ideology that linked them together God on their side
Rich, confident, experienced, articulate, educated
Extremely dangerous group for anyone to face
• As long as Elizabeth alive she could contain forces
• Almost divine figure herself
• Amazing figure for almost everyone even those who disagreed
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
James ii (1685-1688: revolution begun by martin luther, one part english civil war. Part of the set of confessional conflicts: elizabeth i. Maintained a settlement that was very successful during her lifetime (religion, etc. ) Calvinist model failed, elizabeth compromised (managed to keep everyone content during her lifetime) Any force that stood in the way was wrong/negative. Believed it was their responsibility to determine the future. Priests, simple religion (priest of all religions), hard work and education should be rewarded, etc: but elizabeth was queen and head of the church so she insisted and became the model of english and anglican faith. It was a reformation that was calvinist in nature, revolutionary by design. Intent on making england different: this left wing group, revolutionary perspective of altering english society were called. This group was full of religious zeal. Fired with ideology that linked them together god on their side.
