HIS109Y1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Bourgeoisie, Far-Left Politics, Maximilien Robespierre
07/12/2015
Lecture 21
ASSIGNAT
JACOBINS
GIRODINS
MAXIMILIEN ROBESPIERRE
DIRECTORY
ULTRAMONTANES VS. GALLICANS
NAPOLEON BONAPARTE
• Assignat eventually declined
• Ruied y the lak of disiplie of the reolutioary go’t
• Revolutionaries began to sell off the church properties for quick cash
• Wealthy peasants and the middle class Frenchmen did extremely well
• Passed a law that said no strikes or labour interruptions
• Confiscation of church property divided nation
Destroyed carefully constructed structure of church
• Begun in 15th century that French church special
Connection between crown and church
• 12th July national assembly created civil constitution
Church becomes set of offices controlled by state themselves
Clergy = civil servants
Priests elected
Salary of officials to be paid by state
Every monastery dissolved – no more monks or nuns
• Sweeping anticlerical laws
• Provisions drove many Frenchmen from everywhere into opposition
• Once hostility became recognized the national assembly demanded that all
clerics take oath that all abide by legislation
• Secularization
• Secular by law later on, this is the beginning
• Manifested by the jurors who swore to France and non jurors who believed it
was against their belief
• Divided in half: half priests refused oath
• Only 7 bishops refused to swear oath always been political
• Clergy did not like it
• Half of France saw new laws of catholic church into secular rule of state
• Division remained almost until present
• Number of representatives refused to accept legislation
• As soon as you are in a position with opposing views, you get extreme positions
• Radical elements build new social, political system based on secular ideas vs.
those who wanted to get rid of abuse, fix system
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
07/12/2015
• Those in France who refused to swear, wanted independent churchrealized
they had no leaders
• This drove opposition to become ultramontanes look for leadership in papacy
across Rome
Had no sympathy for France
Reconciliation was virtually impossible
• Belief among moderns revolution was out of control
• Believed it was the destruction of French civilization not a fix
• Began to look to foreign kings and princes outside of France
• Only hope not in France but outside
• Bring some order and form to French civilization
• What happened?
He quoted something that I missed. Fuck.
• First constitution in 1871
• Another document powerfully influenced by enlightenment
• One of the most evident principles was recognized and praised by Montesquieu,
Voltaire others: separation of powers
King was to represent the executive, maintain certain degree of power
and authority, acts approved by ministers, could veto for up to 4 years
Single chamber assembly to represent the people at large (Sit for only
two years at which time it would be replaced through elections)
Judiciary complex series of courts of which judges elected
• Brilliant except, thrust upon a divided nation, with no sympathy or experience
with these ideas
• French local government completely reorganized
• What replaed syste as todays syste has’t haged
France divided into 83 departments
These departments divided into districts
Districts into municipalities /communes
All local officials elected
Each region was to be autonomous to retain culture and tradition
Similar to Montesquieu
All of it lasted except the autonomous due to Napoleon very
centralized
• Population divided in 71 into active and passive citizens
• Both had civil rights except only active citizens could vote
To be active: Certain amount of tax or certain amount of property
Half of France disenfranchised
Those who did vote did’t elet atioal assely ut people ho the
elect national assembly
• Entire debate up until constitution was victory of anticlerical bourgeoisie
Respected to own property
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Destroyed carefully constructed structure of church: begun in 15th century that french church special. Connection between crown and church: 12th july national assembly created civil constitution. Church becomes set of offices controlled by state themselves. Salary of officials to be paid by state. 07/12/2015: those in france who refused to swear, wanted independent church realized they had no leaders, this drove opposition to become ultramontanes look for leadership in papacy across rome. Fuck: first constitution in 1871, another document powerfully influenced by enlightenment, one of the most evident principles was recognized and praised by montesquieu, King was to represent the executive, maintain certain degree of power and authority, acts approved by ministers, could veto for up to 4 years. Single chamber assembly to represent the people at large (sit for only two years at which time it would be replaced through elections)
