LMP299Y1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Sodium Bicarbonate, Metformin, Abdominal Pain
7 Apr 2014
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2. 4 million of canadians with diabetes. 570,000 canadians have undiagnosed type 2 diabetes. 6 million with pre- diabetes or at risk of type 2 diabetes. . 4 billion estimated economic impact (cost to health care system) Glucose homeostasis hormonal regulation. Insulin (produced by pancreas - cells) Main goal: lower glucose in plasma, and into cells. Increase of glucose into plasma: glucagon (pancreas - cells, growth hormone (anterior pituitary, adrenaline, cortisol (adrenal) Composed of two amino acid chains connected with disulfide links. Synthesized as insulin pre- pro- hormone (mw- 11,500) cleaved to proinsulin (mw=9000) and further cleaved to insulin (active) Insulin and glucose metabolism insulin inhibits glycolysis and ketogenesis promotes glucose uptake insulin inhibits somatostatin insulin inhibits synthesis of glucagon. Type 1 diabetes: autoimmune disease. Type 2 diabetes: resistance of peripheral tissues to the action of insulin. Individuals have insulin, but cells are not responding to insulin = no regulation of plasma glucose.
