PSY240H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Cognitive Restructuring, Rubber Band, Comorbidity
Psychoanalytic theories of OCD.
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So obsessions and compulsions are viewed as similar. Come from instinctual forces out of one’s
control sexual or aggressive.
Fixation on anal stage on psychosexual development, due to improper toilet training.
Adler viewed OCD as a result of an inferiority complex. !
Overly dominating or dotting parents foster a sense of incompetence
Rituals ae developed in order to gain control or mastery of the world around them.
So we will not be talking about psychoanalytic treatments for OCD because we know they don't
work for OCD because it is unhelpful to find a root of the sexual obsession for instance because
there is no root and the issue is that by talking about it you are reinforcing the obsession.
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Body Dysmorphic Disorder:
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Lifetime prevalence of around 1% but probably more for people with other disorders.
So there is a preoccupation with one or more perceived defects or flaws in physical appearances
that are not observable, or appear slight, to others.
Performance of repetitive behaviours or mental acts in response to the appearance concerns
Preoccupation causes clinically significant distress or impairment in functioning
If diagnostic criteria for an eating disorder are met, not better explained by concerns with body
fat or weight.
So you can have both BDD and the eating disorder but the idea is that an eating disorder trumps
BDD so if u have both and your BDD is size focused then u get an eating disorder diagnosis. To
get the BDD diagnosis you would also need to have another aspect to your BDD other than just
the size thing.
Frequently BDD is about the face. !
Gender differences do occur: Women tend to focus on skin, breasts, hips and men tend to focus
on height, body hair, penis size.
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Hoarding Disorder:
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Population prevalence rate of 5%.
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Persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value.
Often the difficulties are by recency. So something you just got is easier to discard then
something u have had for 5 years.
Difficulty is due to a perceived need to save the items and to distress associated with discarding
them
Difficulty discarding possessions results in the accumulation of possessions that congest and
clutter active living areas and substantially compromises their intended use. If living areas are
uncluttered, it is only because of the interventions of third parties.
Causes clinically significant distress or impairment in functioning.
Not attributable to another medical condition.
Not better explained by the symptoms of another mental disorder.
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(For more context listen to Randy Frost explain hoarding).
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Trichotillomania:
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1% prevalence.
Recurrent pulling out of one’s hair, resulting in hair loss.
Repeated attempts to decrease or stop hair pulling.
Causes clinically significant distress or impairment in functioning.
Not attributable to another medical condition.
!
Excoriation Disorder: (1.5% prevalence rate).
Recurrent skin picking resulting in skin lesions.
Repeated attempts to decrease or stop skin picking.
Causes clinically significant distress or impairment in functioning
Not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition
Skin picking is not better explained by symptoms of another remedial disorder.
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Treatments for OCD
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Document Summary
So obsessions and compulsions are viewed as similar. Come from instinctual forces out of one"s control sexual or aggressive. Fixation on anal stage on psychosexual development, due to improper toilet training. Adler viewed ocd as a result of an inferiority complex. Overly dominating or dotting parents foster a sense of incompetence. Rituals ae developed in order to gain control or mastery of the world around them. Lifetime prevalence of around 1% but probably more for people with other disorders. So there is a preoccupation with one or more perceived defects or flaws in physical appearances that are not observable, or appear slight, to others. Performance of repetitive behaviours or mental acts in response to the appearance concerns. Preoccupation causes clinically significant distress or impairment in functioning. If diagnostic criteria for an eating disorder are met, not better explained by concerns with body fat or weight.
