PSY240H1 Lecture : Textbook note-Chapter 11-Schizophrenia Mar 25
PSY240: March 25th
Chapter 11: Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia
psychosis: if you are unable to tell the difference b/w what is real and what is unreal
age of onset: late teens ± early adult
later onset for women
women also show fewer cognitive deficits especially in verbal processing
lifelong disorder
DSM criteria pg. 378 table 11.1
1-2% prevalence rate
Symptoms
positive/type 1 symptoms (refer to the presence of salient experiences
negative/type 2 symptoms (refer to the absence of certain domains)
Positive Symptoms
delusions
ideas that an individual believes are true but are highly unlikely and often simple impossible
persecutory delusion
ppl. believe they are being watched/tormented by ppl they know
delusion of reference
random events or comments by others are directed at them
grandiose delusions
one is a special person or being or possess special powers
delusion of thought insertion
belief one's thoughts are being controlled by outside forces
Hallucinations
unreal perceptual experiences
auditory hallucination
hearing voices, music etc.
most common
visual hallucinations
tactile hallucination
perception that something is happening outside one's own body
ex. bugs crawling up one's back
somatic hallucination
perception that something is happening inside one's own body
ex. worms eating one's intestines
Disorganized thoughts and speech
aka. formal thought disorder
tendency to slip from one topic to another with little coherent transition
neologisms: making up words which are only meaningful to the maker
deficits in smooth eye movement and working memory
Disorganized or Catatonic Behaviour
unpredictable and apparent untriggered agitation
engage in socially unacceptable acts
Negative Symptoms
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Symptoms positive/type 1 symptoms (refer to the presence of salient experiences negative/type 2 symptoms (refer to the absence of certain domains) Disorganized thoughts and speech aka. formal thought disorder tendency to slip from one topic to another with little coherent transition neologisms: making up words which are only meaningful to the maker deficits in smooth eye movement and working memory. Disorganized or catatonic behaviour unpredictable and apparent untriggered agitation engage in socially unacceptable acts. Affective flattening severe reduction / complete absence of emotional responses to the environment but they still experience the emotion (ie. physiological arousal) Alogia poverty of speech, or reduction is speaking. Avolition inability to persist at common goal-directed activities, including those at work, school, and home. Other symptoms anhedonia inappropriate affect impaired social skills more due to negative symptoms than positive symptoms. Paranoid schizophrenia prominent delusions and hallucinations that involve themes of persecution and grandiosity better prognosis than other types.
