SOC101Y1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Homophily, Ingroups And Outgroups, Physical Attractiveness
Test: multiple choice questions
▪
Divided evenly among topics
▪
Looking at how individuals are brought together within larger configurations of people. How does this occur, under what circumstances and with what effects?
○
What are affects on our lives
○
Legitimacy: prime minister can speak 'we' on our behalf
▪
Random person on street can speak on behalf all of Canadians
▪
Another way of putting it: who do we mean when we say 'all of us', 'we demand,' and 'we would agree. who is we?
○
A collection of two or more people who interact frequently with one another and share a sense of belonging (know that they are in the group)
▪
May want to disassociate themselves with group
□
Can also say they are composed of set of people who identify with one another, and adhere to defined norms, roles or statuses
▪
Every group comes with a set of expectations
▪
Examples: members of a family, sports team, or college
▪
Groups where norms, roles, and statuses are agreed upon but not put in writing
Social interaction leads to emotional ties, extends over long periods, and involves a wide range of activities
Results in group members knowing one another well
Example: the family (most important primary group)
Primary groups
□
Are large and more impersonal
Involve social interaction in narrow range of activities over shorter period of time that create weaker emotional ties
If make stronger relationship --> colleague becomes friend
◊
Example: sociology class (frequent contact, see weekly, range of activities is small (only tutorial and lecture))
In comparison to primary groups, secondary groups:
□
Primary groups and secondary groups
▪
Those who belong to a group
Ingroups:
□
Those who are excluded from in-group
Didn't get into u of t or major, law school, etc.
◊
Outside looking in
Outgroups:
□
Boundary between groups
□
Ingroup members typically draw boundary separating themselves from members of outgroup
□
Also try to keep outgroup members from crossing the line
□
The more people are trying to get into ingroup and the less people can be accepted --> the more exclusivity
□
Groups people aren't trying to get in: AA meetings, prison, board member, patient in a hospital, online forums
□
Boundaries separating groups: race, class, athletic ability, academic talent, physical attractiveness
□
Inclusion and exclusion: in groups and out groups
▪
Web of social relationships that link one person with other people, and through them, with more people than those people know
□
Patterns of exchange determine boundaries of the network
□
Boundaries are not the same as social group with clear cut in and out
□
Social networks may be formal (defined in writing), but are more often informal (Defined only in practice)
□
Who is in the business, providers, customers
□
People you come in contact with
□
Levels of exchange
□
Used to study spread of ideas or diseases across a population
□
Network analysis: how is piece of information moving through network (who do you tell, and they tell etc.)
□
Understand how knowledge or diseases move (Aids, etc.) --> not moving at random but in patterned ways
□
How quickly information gets to people, through what sites, etc.
□
Used to study crime, immigration, family, work
□
Networks
▪
Social life is created primarily and most importantly by relations and the patterns formed by these relations
□
Defined as a set of nodes that are tied by one or more types of relations
□
Connectedness (idea that individuals are connected by six degrees of separation)
5 - 6 connections between people
How much information is moving across
◊
FB, Twitter, etc. measure, who are people are movers? (Youtube: how many subscribers, how many retweets)
◊
Contagion: flow of influence across ties and potency of influence up to three connections
Who we associate with, usually choosing those like us (homophily)
◊
How many mutual friends
How interconnected our relationships are (transitivity)
◊
Our connections shape networks
Network analysis
□
Networks starting premise
▪
Social bonds
○
The bonds that unite: speaking of 'we'
▪
Lecture 1.7: Groups and Organizations
October 26, 2016
12:15 PM
LECTURE Page 21
Document Summary
Looking at how individuals are brought together within larger configurations of people. Legitimacy: prime minister can speak "we" on our behalf. Random person on street can speak on behalf all of canadians. A collection of two or more people who interact frequently with one another and share a sense of belonging (know that they are in the group) Can also say they are composed of set of people who identify with one another, and adhere to defined norms, roles or statuses. Every group comes with a set of expectations. Examples: members of a family, sports team, or college. Groups where norms, roles, and statuses are agreed upon but not put in writing. Social interaction leads to emotional ties, extends over long periods, and involves a wide range of activities. Results in group members knowing one another well. Involve social interaction in narrow range of activities over shorter period of time that create weaker emotional ties.
