SMC203Y1 Lecture : monasteries
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Question 1
Evolutionary algorithms are used:
In engineering, to arrive at solutions by going through many permutations of possible solutions and allowing them to evolve. |
A genetic feature of complex organisms. |
A process undergone by the human brain, which is similar to evolution by natural selection. |
Another term used for a computer algorithm in general. |
Question 2
Human literature and languages can be studied using methods similar to those used for constructing phylogenies because:
There is no other way of studying these things. |
Languages evolve roughly along the lines of species, with mutations (changes in words and pronunciation), descent with modification (languages becoming more different along the way), and branching of languages (languages giving rise to other languages that are similar to them). |
Because literature and languages are constructed by organisms (human beings), so what applies to one must apply to the other. |
Languages undergo a process of word swapping, which is analogous to horizontal gene transfer. |
Question 3
The degree to which horizontal gene transfer occurs in eukaryotes is:
Something upon which the entire validity of evolutionary biology hinges. |
A mystery that may or may not disprove evolution, but we simply don't know enough about it at this point. |
Something that would overthrow the notion that this phenomenon is important in bacteria. |
An interesting and potentially important aspect of biology with relevance for how evolution occurs, but not something that would call it into question one way or the other. |
Question 4
Learning about the history of scientific theories and the reasons for why they are initially accepted or rejected is important mostly because:
It makes for exciting story telling, and this is very much needed to get people interested in science. |
It teaches us about the process of science as it actually occurs, which is somewhat different to the idealized notion of a purely objective undertaking. |
It tells us which theories are definitely true or false. |
It tells us that science is actually a totally subjective process that tries to present itself as objective. In reality, personal subjective factors are the only relevant factors that really matter in science. |
There are sometimes conflicts within the same code, between the code and the __________ and between the code and a counselor's value system.
Ā | Ā |
Judgment |
Ā | Ā |
Ethics |
Ā | Ā |
Law |
Ā | Ā |
Value |
2 points
Question 2
Section A of the ACA Code of Ethics highlights important issues within the __________________________________.
Ā | Ā |
Privacy Act |
Ā | Ā |
Confidentiality Act |
Ā | Ā |
Professional's Responsibility |
Ā | Ā |
Counseling relationship |
2 points
Question 3
______________________ in a code sometimes lag behind the values of society and of professional associations.
Ā | Ā |
Laws |
Ā | Ā |
Attitudes |
Ā | Ā |
Values |
Ā | Ā |
Beliefs |
2 points
Question 4
Which section was added to the latest edition of the ACA Code of Ethics (2014)?
Ā | Ā |
Resolving Ethical Issues |
Ā | Ā |
Advocacy and Social Justice |
Ā | Ā |
Distance Counseling, Technology, and Social Media |
Ā | Ā |
Research and Publication |
2 points
Question 5
Which of the following is not one of the ethical "hot spots" identified in this chapter?
Ā
Ā | Ā |
Gatekeeping |
Ā | Ā |
Social and Cultural Issues |
Ā | Ā |
Informed Consent |
Ā | Ā |
Technology |
2 points
Question 6
Which of the following is not a type of ethical decision-making model discussed in the text?
Ā | Ā |
Problem-solving model |
Ā | Ā |
Advocacy model |
Ā | Ā |
Social constructivist model |
Ā | Ā |
Developmental model |
2 points
Question 7
_______________ has to do with protecting the independences, self-determination and freedom of choice for client.
Ā | Ā |
Nonmaleficence |
Ā | Ā |
Beneficence |
Ā | Ā |
Justice |
Ā | Ā |
Autonomy |
2 points
Question 8
People who have this view of the world, see things in black and white, are very concrete, rigid, and authoritarian.
Ā | Ā |
Dualistic |
Ā | Ā |
Modern |
Ā | Ā |
Post-modern |
Ā | Ā |
Flexible |
2 points
Question 9
Which section of the ACA Ethical Code (2014) offers guidelines on how to report an ethical violation?
Ā | Ā |
Section B |
Ā | Ā |
Section I |
Ā | Ā |
Section E |
Ā | Ā |
Section A |
2 points
Question 10
.__________ is the responsibility under the law for a violation of federal or state criminal statute.
Ā | Ā |
Beneficence |
Ā | Ā |
Nonmaleficence |
Ā | Ā |
Civil liability |
Ā | Ā |
Criminal liability |
2 points
Question 11
To prove that they are following the best practices of their professions, counselors should:
Ā | Ā |
Know relevant laws |
Ā | Ā |
Maintain good records |
Ā | Ā |
Stay professional with clients |
Ā | Ā |
All of the above. |
2 points
Question 12
______________ is the most rigorous form of credentialing.
Ā
Ā | Ā |
Accreditation |
Ā | Ā |
Licensure |
Ā | Ā |
Certification |
Ā | Ā |
Registration |
2 points
Question 13
Theories help counselors and other helping professionals in the following way(s):
Ā
Ā | Ā |
conceptualizing clients' problems |
Ā | Ā |
necessary to become a licensed psychotherapist |
Ā | Ā |
offer specific techniques to apply |
Ā | Ā |
both a and c |
2 points
Question 14
What is a paradigm shift?
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A change like a universe. |
Ā | Ā |
A change in the way information is perceived. |
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A change in theory. |
Ā | Ā |
A change in human nature. |
2 points
Question 15
Do psychodynamic theories consider which of the following to be important in understanding a person's functioning?
Ā | Ā |
Child-rearing practices |
Ā | Ā |
The unconscious and conscious |
Ā | Ā |
Examining the past |
Ā | Ā |
All of the above |
2 points
Question 16
Sigmund Freud was trained as a:
Ā | Ā |
Physician |
Ā | Ā |
Counselor |
Ā | Ā |
Caseworker |
Ā | Ā |
Social worker |
2 points
Question 17
Freud believed that there are ____________ structures that make up personality.
Ā
Ā | Ā |
1 |
Ā | Ā |
2 |
Ā | Ā |
3 |
Ā | Ā |
4 |
2 points
Question 18
Freud, and later his daughter Anna Freud, identified a number of _______________ that help people to cope with anxiety.
Ā | Ā |
Defense skills |
Ā | Ā |
Coping mechanisms |
Ā | Ā |
Coping skills |
Ā | Ā |
Defense mechanisms |
2 points
Question 19
___________ believed that each of us has a unique psychological type which includes the attitudes of extraversion and introversion.
Ā
Ā | Ā |
Freud |
Ā | Ā |
Rogers |
Ā | Ā |
Jung |
Ā | Ā |
Cattell |
2 points
Question 20
_______________________ believed that every child was born with innate and unique capabilities and is inherently moving toard the future, not determined by the past.
Ā | Ā |
Adler |
Ā | Ā |
Freud |
Ā | Ā |
Rogers |
Ā | Ā |
Jung |
2 points
Question 21
Existential-humanistic approaches embrace a phenomenological perspective, stressing all but which of the following?
Ā | Ā |
The subjective reality of the client |
Ā | Ā |
the role of the unconscious |
Ā | Ā |
How the counselor uses his or her personal qualities in counseling |
Ā | Ā |
the importance of consciousness and/or awareness |
2 points
Question 22
Although Ludwig Binswanger is generally acknowledged as being the first existential therapist, who is seen as the person who popularized this approach through "logotherapy"?
Ā | Ā |
Irvin Yalom |
Ā | Ā |
Carl Rogers |
Ā | Ā |
Alfred Adler |
Ā | Ā |
Viktor Frankl |
2 points
Question 23
____________________ developed client-centered therapy.
Ā | Ā |
Carl Jung |
Ā | Ā |
Viktor Frankl |
Ā | Ā |
Carl Rogers |
Ā | Ā |
Ludwig Binswanger |
2 points
Question 24
Today, most Gestalt therapists believe that from birth, the individual is in a constant state of ______________ through a process of need identification and need-fulfillment.
Ā | Ā |
Self-regulation |
Ā | Ā |
Self-actualization |
Ā | Ā |
Existential crisis |
Ā | Ā |
Emotional distress |
2 points
Question 25
This therapy was developed by Albert Ellis during the 1950s.
Ā | Ā |
Psychodynamic therapy |
Ā | Ā |
Behavioral therapy |
Ā | Ā |
Cognitive therapy |
Ā | Ā |
Rational emotive therapy |