NURS 1710 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Health Belief Model, Active Listening, Plant Defense Against Herbivory
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Introduction to Nursing
Week Four
Introduction to Theory
Theory: provides a schematic view for explaining, predicting and prescribing
phenomena.
- For assessment.
- For diagnostic reasoning.
- For planning and implementing appropriate interventions.
- For evaluating the outcomes of nursing care.
Nursing Theory: a conceptualization of some aspect of nursing.. Communicates the
purpose of describing, explaining, predicting or prescribing nursing care.
- Assessment.
- Diagnosis.
- Intervention.
- Evaluation.
Relationship of Theory to Nursing Practice
Theories:
- Generate nursing knowledge for use in practice.
- Can direct how to use nursing process.
- Are adaptable to different clients and all care settings.
Components of a Theory:
- Phenomenon has to have been identified.
- Concepts related to it.
- Definitions that go along with the concepts so you can define them.
- Assumptions (underlying)
Conceptual Frameworks:
- Link major nursing concepts and phenomena to direct nursing decisions. Often
referred to as grand theories.
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Metaparadigm Concepts:
An
Overview of Theories
- Maslow
- Erikson
- Prochaska’s Change Theory
- Health Promotion Model
- Health Belief Model
- Leininger’s Culture Change
The Link Between Theory and Knowledge Development
- Nursing knowledge is theoretical and practical.
- Theories provide direction to nursing research.
- Nursing theory and nursing research build nursing’s knowledge base.
Bevis Nursing System
- A systems theory
- A system is a set of unique parts that can function together or stand alone.
- Systems have inputs (energy in), throughputs (processes and interactions and outputs
(energy out)
- Life processes are adaptation and maturation
- Nine sub-processes contribute to fulfillment of the life processes
Philosophy:
- Humanism – emphasizes value, beauty, the importance of being human,
quality of life and caring
- Existentialism – individuals are unique, human beings are more than the
sum of their parts, human being have the right to self-determination, but
are also responsible for their choices
Developmental Theories
- Provide a framework for examining, describing and appreciating human development.
- Help nurses assess and treat a patient’s response to illness.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
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Humanistic Psychology
- Looked at how well-adjusted
and healthy persons looked at
their patterns of development,
achievements, tasks, values,
beliefs, aspirations, and
experiences.
- Links the power of motivation to have needs met as a drive for human behaviour.
Basic Needs First
- Basic needs must be attended to first before the
higher level needs can be achieved
- When priorities get out of balance, life becomes
unhealthy and people are put at risk of death or
illness.
- Unmet needs = death.
Erik Erikson
- Theory of psychosocial development.
- Individuals need to accomplish one task before moving on to another.
- Mastering one task before the next is necessary for success in life.
-Eight stages of life
- Stage 1: Trust versus mistrust (birth to 1 year)
- Stage 2: Autonomy versus sense of shame and doubt (1 to 3 years)
- Stage 3: Initiative versus guilt (3 to 6 years)
- Stage 4: Industry versus inferiority (6 to 11 years)
- Stage 5: Identity versus role confusion (adolescence)
Stage 6: Intimacy versus isolation (young adulthood)
Stage 7: Generative versus self-absorption and stagnation (middle
adulthood)
Stage 8: Integrity versus despair (old age)
Communication Theory
- A lifelong learning process for nurses
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