Anatomy and Cell Biology 3309 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Zona Glomerulosa, Zona Reticularis, Adrenal Medulla
15 May 2018
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Lecture 13 – Adrenal, Thyroid, Parathyroid
Endocrine system
- Hormones regulate and integrate physiological processes in the body
- Each cell produces a specific product and products are released into the blood stream
- Products circulate throughout the bloodstream and sorting occurs at the target organs
Two types of hormones
- 1. Protein hormones
o Bind to transmembrane receptor
o Recognition usually evokes conformational change of receptor at the intracellular
portion → allows molecules to dock for a signaling response
o Protein hormones are made by mostly glycerol and lipids
- 2. Steroid hormones
o Freely diffuse through plasma membrane
o Do not require receptors at cell surface
o Transported through blood bound to carrier proteins
o Carrier proteins deliver hormone to the cell
o Cells have a receptor for the carrier protein → when this occurs, the hormones
diffuses through the plasma membrane and goes into nucleus
o DNA response element binds hormones, resulting in physiological effects
o Steroid hormones have lipid precursors
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Location of endocrine cells
- Thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal gland are considered major endocrine glands
- In addition to major endocrine organs, there are endocrine cells that are situated
throughout the body
o E.g. islets of Langerhans (endocrine portion of pancreas)
- Reproductive organs are endocrine organs
- Endocrine organs are regulated by the pituitary gland (master control endocrine gland)
Adrenal gland
- Adjacent to the kidney
- Sits at superior aspect of the kidney (supra-adrenal gland → sits on top of the kidney)
- Produces five hormones
o Named according to structure of hormone and where they are produced
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- 1, 2, 3: produced in the cortex of the adrenal gland
o Hormones are called CORTICOID → coming from cortex
o 1. Mineral: has to do with electrolyte reabsorption
o 2. Gluco: has to do with metabolism of glucose in liver
o 3. Gonado: hormone is an androgen
- 5. 6: produced in medulla of the adrenal gland
o Catecholamines: protein hormones
- Cells of the medulla have a different embryological origin compared to the cells that reside
in the cortex
1. Mineralocorticoid hormones
2. Glucocorticoid hormones
3. Gonadocorticoid androgens
4. Catecholamine epinephrine
5. Catecholamine norephinephine
- Adrenal gland is divided into cortex and medulla
- Dense CT capsule surrounds the adrenal gland
- Cortex is divided into three different zones
o KNOW THE ZONES, HOW THEY RELATE TO EACH OTHER AND WHAT HORMONES
THEY PRODUCE
- Zona glomerulosa:
o Cells are organized in glomeruli (ball-like round structures)
- Zone fasiculata:
o Most cells lie in lighter staining area
o Cells form elongated strands or fascicles that run parallel to one another
- Zona reticularis
o Adjacent to medulla
o Network of cells that are a loosely woven net of cells
find more resources at oneclass.com
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Document Summary
Hormones regulate and integrate physiological processes in the body. Each cell produces a specific product and products are released into the blood stream. Products circulate throughout the bloodstream and sorting occurs at the target organs. Protein hormones: bind to transmembrane receptor, recognition usually evokes conformational change of receptor at the intracellular portion allows molecules to dock for a signaling response, protein hormones are made by mostly glycerol and lipids. Thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal gland are considered major endocrine glands. In addition to major endocrine organs, there are endocrine cells that are situated throughout the body: e. g. islets of langerhans (endocrine portion of pancreas) Endocrine organs are regulated by the pituitary gland (master control endocrine gland) Sits at superior aspect of the kidney (supra-adrenal gland sits on top of the kidney) Produces five hormones: named according to structure of hormone and where they are produced.
