Astronomy 2022A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Phase Transition, Tuff, Spectral Density

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Unsolved issued in the standard bb model: horizon problem, flatness problem, the large scale structure problem, the relic problem. If 0 is less than one, the density decreases and hence 0 will get smaller over time as the uni expands. If 0 > 1 it will stay > 1, and if it is < 1, it will stay <1, but its value can change. Inflation vs expansion: uni is already expanding, how is inflation different, current rate of expansion is linear whereas inflation would have to be exponential! Possible causes of inflation: takes tremendous energy for this inflation where does it come from, possible sources of energ(cid:455) are the (cid:858)phase tra(cid:374)sitio(cid:374)s(cid:859) that (cid:271)roke the s(cid:455)(cid:373)(cid:373)etr(cid:455) of the fu(cid:374)da(cid:373)e(cid:374)tal forces. Why inflation helps the structure problem: before inflation: microscopic random fluctuations in density and temperature. If inflation is correct, matter-e(cid:374)erg(cid:455) i(cid:374) the (cid:272)urre(cid:374)t u(cid:374)i is (cid:373)ostl(cid:455) (cid:858)left o(cid:448)er(cid:859) e(cid:374)erg(cid:455) fro(cid:373) the i(cid:374)flatio(cid:374) era!

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