Biochemistry 2280A Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Anomer, Ketose, Aldehyde
9 Jun 2016
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Document Summary
Glyceraldehyde has a chiral carbon and can therefore form enantiomers. Most biological monosaccharides are in the d orientation (highest numbered chiral carbon has. Oh on the right) at the highest numbered chiral carbon (farthest from the ketone or aldehyde group) The anomeric carbon is the one with the carbonyl group attached and it the carbon about which a monosaccharide can form one of two structures when it cyclizes. Monosaccharides can be joined together in a condensation. Anomeric carbons that are not involved in an o-glycosidic bond linkage are called reducing ends. sugar is commonly used to mean sucrose. sugars on nutrition labels means all mono- and disaccharides. Chains of 12-14 glucose monomers joined in (1 4) linkage. Interior chains have two branch points with a (1 6) linkages. First chain is covalently attached to the protein glycogenin. Each chain is about 12-14 monomers in length. Amylopentin (70-80%): (1 4)-polyglucose, ~5% of monomers involved in (1 6) linkages.
